Improves the existing regime by requiring that significantly more compensation be made available to supplement that which is to be provided for under the Paris Convention.
Published date:
26 April 2022
Improves the existing regime by requiring that more money be made available to compensate more victims for a broader range of damages.
Published date:
26 April 2022
For the Third Global Nuclear Science and Engineering Commencement, the NEA is holding a student competition on the theme “Nuclear and society: What does this relationship mean to you?”
Published date:
1 June 2022
3-D Radiation Transport benchmarks dealt with scientific issues in the field of deterministic and stochastic methods and computer codes relative to three dimensional (3-D) radiation transport.
Published date:
30 September 2020
The NEA Data Bank serves as the premier international centre of reference for basic nuclear tools, such as computer codes, nuclear and thermochemical data, experimental and evaluated microscopic nucl...
Published date:
8 June 2020
Accelerating SMRs for Net Zero will establish a practical, solutions-oriented platform with a defined plan of work for collaboration and knowledge exchange to support decision makers in maximising th...
Published date:
11 December 2023
Access to the Computer Program Service is regulated, the main points of which are as follows.
Published date:
26 May 2020
This expert group was established in 2009 to assess the potential role of nuclear energy in reducing CO2 emissions, particularly in the 2030 to 2050 timescale, and the challenges to be overcome if th...
Published date:
24 February 2020
The Ad hoc Expert Group on Climate Change: Assessment of the Vulnerability of Nuclear Power Plants and Cost of Adaptation (NUCA) was responsible for assesing the vulnerability of nuclear power plants...
Published date:
16 June 2020
Education, training and knowledge management in nuclear science and technology are very high priority, topical issues for the international community, notably in the context of a prospective nuclear ...
Published date:
11 May 2021
This expert group was set up to conduct a study, and the overall objective was to identify the key issues addressed by governments for facilitating the financing of nuclear power plants when nuclear ...
Published date:
18 June 2020
The goal of the Ad Hoc Expert Group on Physical Limits to the Development of Nuclear Energy was to analyse and document the physical limits, if any, arising from a possible significant increase in nu...
Published date:
23 June 2020
The EGLTO was formed to assess the key factors from a policy, technical, operational, regulatory and economic perspective necessary to enable long-term operation decisions of nuclear power plants in ...
Published date:
20 October 2020
The purpose of the Ad hoc Expert Group on Managing Environmental and Health Impacts of Uranium Mining was to produce an account of the practices employed by modern uranium miners and to review up-to-...
Published date:
8 July 2020
The Ad hoc Expert Group on Nuclear Energy and Security of Supply, which had been formed to carry out the study, met for the first time on 22-23 November 2007 at OECD/NEA offices in Issy-les-Moulineau...
Published date:
24 June 2020
The NEA Ad hoc Expert Group on Reducing the Costs of Nuclear Power Generation was established in 2018 to evaluate the construction cost reduction opportunities arising at different levels and timefra...
Published date:
21 October 2020
The Ad hoc Expert Group on the Economics of Long-term Operation of Nuclear Power Plants was responsible for studying the economics of upgrading and long-term operation of nuclear power plants, for fu...
Published date:
21 October 2020
The overall aim of this expert group was to produce a definitive study across NEA member countries of the costs of management and disposal of radioactive waste from the nuclear fuel cycle on a common...
Published date:
16 June 2020
Extending the lifetime of nuclear power plants is becoming common practice in OECD member countries. While applying for an extended operating licence, most operators are planning technical improvemen...
Published date:
22 June 2020
The objective of the Ad hoc Expert Group was to develop a standardised methodology for assessing the technical and economic case for nuclear cogeneration.
Published date:
16 June 2020
The Ad hoc Expert Group on Trends in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle (TNFC) was set up to investigate trends in the latest progress and the future trajectories in the nuclear fuel cycle.
Published date:
29 June 2020
Adequacy of Funding Arrangements for Decommissioning and Radioactive Waste Management (ADEQ)
Published date:
14 December 2020
The objective of the Amendment to the CPPNM is to achieve and maintain worldwide effective physical protection of nuclear material and of nuclear facilities used for peaceful purposes; to prevent a...
Published date:
26 April 2024
The scope of the proposed project is therefore to perform practical exercises of demonstration of the SAPIUM approach.
Published date:
1 September 2023
Reports collected and organised by Enrico Sartori, last Secretary of NEACRP.
Published date:
19 May 2020
Anciens numéros du Bulletin de droit nucléaire (nos 1 à 80).
Published date:
3 April 2023
Nuclear legislation: Argentina
Published date:
19 September 2023
Nuclear legislation: Australia
Published date:
19 September 2023
Nuclear legislation: Austria
Published date:
14 April 2022
Nuclear legislation: Belgium
Published date:
19 September 2023
The Working Party on Scientific Issues and Uncertainty Analysis of Reactor Systems (WPRS) and its expert groups co-ordinate benchmark activities on Reactor Single- and Multi-Physics. The benchmark ac...
Published date:
21 December 2023
An approach similar to the OECD/NRC Boiling Water Reactor Full-size Fine-mesh Bundle Tests (BFBT) Benchmark was adopted by dividing the benchmark activity into phases.
Published date:
2 August 2022
The Benchmark for Uncertainty Analysis in Best-Estimate Modelling (UAM) for Design, Operation and Safety Analysis of Light Water Reactors (LWRs) is an international high-visibility benchmark for unce...
Published date:
30 September 2020
The goal of the Benchmark for Uncertainty Analysis in Best-Estimate Modelling for Design, Operation and Safety Analysis of Light Water Reactors (LWR-UAM) is to determine the uncertainty in light wate...
Published date:
25 April 2023
Helium-cooled very high-temperature gas reactors are highlighted as a key technology with the potential to improve the competitiveness of nuclear energy within the Generation IV International Forum (...
Published date:
20 September 2021
Benchmarks and databases for data and code validation maintained by the NEA division of Nuclear Science (Nuclear Science Committee)
Published date:
15 April 2020
Benchmarks and databases for data and code validation, and Safety joint projects
Published date:
17 June 2020
Presentation of NEST Fellows
Published date:
25 May 2023
The Boiling Water Reactor Turbine Trip (BWRTT) Benchmark was established to challenge the coupled system thermal-hydraulic/neutron kinetics codes against a Peach-Bottom-2 (a GE-designed BWR/4) turbin...
Published date:
19 July 2022
The Brussels Supplementary Convention establishes a scheme to provide compensation supplementary to that required by the Paris Convention. The BSC is open only to contracting parties to the Paris C...
Published date:
26 April 2024
The Brussels Supplementary Convention establishes a scheme to provide compensation supplementary to that required by the Paris Convention. The BSC is open only to contracting parties to the Paris Con...
Published date:
12 May 2023
Latest status of ratifications or accessions of the Brussels Supplementary Convention (BSC).
Published date:
30 January 2023
Full text of the Convention of 31st January 1963 Supplementary to the Paris Convention of 29th July 1960, as amended by the additional Protocol of 28th January 1964 and by the Protocol of 16th Novemb...
Published date:
12 April 2022
Nuclear legislation: Bulgaria
Published date:
19 September 2023
Le Bulletin de droit nucléaire est une publication internationale unique en son genre destinée aux juristes et aux universitaires en droit nucléaire.
Published date:
27 March 2024
Burn-up credit is a safety approach that accounts for the reduction in the reactivity of configurations with spent nuclear fuel due to the change in their composition after irradiation.
Published date:
11 September 2023
This benchmark is organised to examine the models for fission gas release during anticipated operational occurrences (AOOs).
Published date:
7 March 2023
Nuclear legislation: Canada
Published date:
19 September 2023
Published date:
23 April 2020
ISNL Cartoon 2006 by Carlton Stoiber. Since the ISNL began in 2001, Carlton Stoiber, the ISNL "Cartoonist in Chief", sketches away during each session, giving participants a visual (and humorous) r...
Published date:
28 August 2020
List of chairpersons of the Data Bank Management Board by year
Published date:
13 May 2020
How to use JANIS to check nuclear data formatted files
Published date:
29 September 2020
The international radiological protection community performed a major status review of the situation around the damaged Chernobyl reactor on the 10-year anniversary of the accident. Since then, studi...
Published date:
10 June 2020
The international radiological protection community performed a major status review of the situation around the damaged Chernobyl reactor on the 10-year anniversary of the accident. Since then, studi...
Published date:
10 June 2020
The international radiological protection community performed a major status review of the situation around the damaged Chernobyl reactor on the 10-year anniversary of the accident. Since then, studi...
Published date:
10 June 2020
The international radiological protection community performed a major status review of the situation around the damaged Chernobyl reactor on the 10-year anniversary of the accident. Since then, studi...
Published date:
10 June 2020
The international radiological protection community performed a major status review of the situation around the damaged Chernobyl reactor on the 10-year anniversary of the accident. Since then, studi...
Published date:
10 June 2020
The international radiological protection community performed a major status review of the situation around the damaged Chernobyl reactor on the 10-year anniversary of the accident. Since then, studi...
Published date:
10 June 2020
The international radiological protection community performed a major status review of the situation around the damaged Chernobyl reactor on the 10-year anniversary of the accident. Since then, studi...
Published date:
10 June 2020
The international radiological protection community performed a major status review of the situation around the damaged Chernobyl reactor on the 10-year anniversary of the accident. Since then, studi...
Published date:
10 June 2020
The international radiological protection community performed a major status review of the situation around the damaged Chernobyl reactor on the 10-year anniversary of the accident. Since then, studi...
Published date:
10 June 2020
The international radiological protection community performed a major status review of the situation around the damaged Chernobyl reactor on the 10-year anniversary of the accident. Since then, studi...
Published date:
10 June 2020
The international radiological protection community performed a major status review of the situation around the damaged Chernobyl reactor on the 10-year anniversary of the accident. Since then, studi...
Published date:
10 June 2020
The international radiological protection community performed a major status review of the situation around the damaged Chernobyl reactor on the 10-year anniversary of the accident. Since then, studi...
Published date:
10 June 2020
The international radiological protection community performed a major status review of the situation around the damaged Chernobyl reactor on the 10-year anniversary of the accident. Since then, studi...
Published date:
10 June 2020
The international radiological protection community performed a major status review of the situation around the damaged Chernobyl reactor on the 10-year anniversary of the accident. Since then, studi...
Published date:
10 June 2020
The international radiological protection community performed a major status review of the situation around the damaged Chernobyl reactor on the 10-year anniversary of the accident. Since then, studi...
Published date:
10 June 2020
National legislation: China
Published date:
19 September 2023
The Committee on Nuclear Regulatory Activities (CNRA), at its June 2006 meeting, agreed to form a Senior-level Expert Group to produce a report called "The Regulatory Goal of Assuring Nuclear Safety"...
Published date:
13 March 2020
The goal of the Committee for Technical and Economic Studies on Nuclear Energy Development and the Fuel Cycle is to provide authoritative, reliable information on nuclear technologies, economics, str...
Published date:
1 March 2024
The CDLM assists member states in holistically addressing challenges in the execution of decommissioning and legacy management through sharing experiences among members with a broad range of expertis...
Published date:
5 May 2023
The Committee on Nuclear Regulatory Activities (CNRA) is an international committee created in 1989 to guide the NEA concerning safety in the regulation, licensing and inspection of nuclear installat...
Published date:
16 February 2024
The CRPPH assists NEA member countries in the implementation and enhancement of the system of radiological protection. It contributes to the adoption and the maintenance of high standards of protecti...
Published date:
14 April 2021
The Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) is responsible for NEA programmes and activities that support maintaining and advancing the scientific and technical knowledge base of the ...
Published date:
10 October 2023
Commonly requested NEA Data Bank Codes
Published date:
30 June 2020
The CTBT bans all nuclear explosions anywhere on Earth whether for military or peaceful purposes.
Published date:
13 November 2023
NEA Working Group on Analysis and Management of Accidents (WGAMA) initiated this activity focusing on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in nuclear reactor safety (NRS).
Published date:
1 September 2023
The OECD NEA Data Bank is an international centre of resources which aims to make scientific tools available to the nuclear science and technology community and to organise training courses.
Published date:
18 October 2022
Statut des ratifications et adhésions à la Convention de Bruxelles complémentaire à la Convention de Paris
Published date:
21 June 2022
Texte de la Convention du 31 janvier 1963 complémentaire à la Convention de Paris du 29 juillet 1960, amendée par le Protocole additionnel du 28 janvier 1964 et par le Protocole du 16 novembre 1982.
Published date:
12 April 2022
État d’avancement des ratifications ou des adhésions à la Convention de Paris sur la responsabilité civile nucléaire.
Published date:
4 April 2023
The OSPAR Convention is the mechanism by which 15 governments and the EU co-operate to prevent and eliminate pollution and protect the maritime area against the adverse effects of human activities ...
Published date:
17 May 2023
The Aarhus Convention obliges states and grants the public rights in three areas of the convention: access to information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice in environme...
Published date:
27 October 2023
The Convention on Assistance sets up a framework for states parties to co-operate amongst themselves and with the International Atomic Energy Agency to facilitate prompt assistance in the event of ...
Published date:
26 April 2024
The Early Notification Convention establishes a notification system for nuclear accidents that have the potential for an international transboundary release of radioactive material that could be of...
Published date:
26 April 2024
The Espoo Convention sets out the obligations of parties to assess the environmental impact of certain activities at an early stage of planning and lays down general obligations of states to notify...
Published date:
27 October 2023
Published date:
26 April 2024
The CSC provides for a global liability and compensation scheme that may supplement that called for under the Paris Convention, the Vienna Convention or Annex state legislation as defined by the CS...
Published date:
26 April 2024
The CPPNM establishes measures related to the physical protection of nuclear material used for peaceful purposes during transport, criminalisation of offenses relating to nuclear material and inter...
Published date:
26 April 2024
The Global Forum on Nuclear Education, Science, Technology and Policy is led by a Council of Advisors comprised by representatives from about 20 academic institutions in NEA member countries.
Published date:
24 May 2023
The NEST Framework comprises several countries and organisations who wish to co-operate through international exchanges and activities to strengthen nuclear-related technology education and training ...
Published date:
4 September 2023
NEA support for countries interested in calculating their system costs and optimising their electricity system
Published date:
26 August 2020
The NEA established the Country-Specific Safety Culture Forum (CSSCF) to examine how nuclear safety culture can be influenced by the national cultural context of a country operating nuclear facilitie...
Published date:
2 April 2024
CPS access for Canada and the United States
Published date:
20 April 2020
A criticality excursion (also referred to as a criticality accident) is the accidental production of a self-sustaining or divergent chain reaction of fissionable material.
Published date:
24 March 2020
Criticality is the state of a nuclear reactor when there is a self-sustaining chain reaction of fissionable material. Criticality safety analysis relates to evaluation approaches in data and computat...
Published date:
24 March 2020
Criticality is the state of a nuclear reactor when there is a self-sustaining chain reaction of fissionable material. Criticality experiments are controlled tests using fissile materials, like pluton...
Published date:
24 March 2020
The CSNI Action Plan in the Area of Safety Margins was set up by the Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI),
Published date:
27 April 2020
CSNI Code Validation Matrix of Thermo-Hydraulic Codes for LWR LOCA and transients and Separate Effects Test Data.
Published date:
13 April 2020
The Programme Review Group is established to perform a programme quality review function within the Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) and to provide scientific assistance to the...
Published date:
7 July 2022
The NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) established a task group to examine Defence in Depth of Electrical Systems and Grid Interaction (DIDELSYS). The DIDELSYS Project, carri...
Published date:
17 April 2020
National legislation: Czechia
Published date:
27 October 2023
Data available in the JANIS 'NEA' database
Published date:
12 February 2024
Published date:
18 April 2023
Data Bank Newsletter Archive
Published date:
29 June 2023
Data Bank E-Newsletter December 2008
Published date:
9 May 2020
Data Bank E-Newsletter July 2008
Published date:
9 May 2020
Data Bank E-Newsletter March 2008
Published date:
9 May 2020
Data Bank E-Newsletter March 2009
Published date:
9 May 2020
Data Bank E-Newsletter March 2011
Published date:
10 May 2020
Data Bank E-Newsletter March 2012
Published date:
10 May 2020
Data Bank E-Newsletter November 2009
Published date:
10 May 2020
Data Bank E-Newsletter November 2012
Published date:
10 May 2020
Data Bank E-Newsletter October 2008
Published date:
9 May 2020
Data Bank E-Newsletter October 2009
Published date:
10 May 2020
Data Bank E-Newsletter October 2010
Published date:
10 May 2020
Data Bank E-Newsletter October 2012
Published date:
10 May 2020
Data Bank E-Newsletter September 2011
Published date:
10 May 2020
NEA DB Services to non-NEA DB countries
Published date:
1 June 2023
The International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) released the first version of the Database for the International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experime...
Published date:
25 April 2022
Development started on DATIF, the DATabase for IFpe, in 2018 in order to enhance accessibility to the IFPE legacy collection of integral fuel performance experiments data, jointly put together by the...
Published date:
12 April 2023
Déclaration commune sur la sécurité d'approvisionnement en radioisotopes à usage médical
Published date:
9 July 2020
Déclaration du Comité de direction de l’énergie nucléaire de l’OCDE/AEN sur les mesures à prendre pour favoriser la sécurité d’approvisionnement à long terme en radioisotopes à usage médical
Published date:
9 July 2020
National legislation: Denmark
Published date:
19 September 2023
Depositing or updating a computer program to the NEA Data Bank
Published date:
17 June 2020
Submitting a computer program to the NEA Data Bank
Published date:
21 April 2020
To ensure reliable modelling of neutron physics within a state-of-the-art transient code, the neutron kinetics part of such a code should be based on the full-scale calculation of the space-time neu...
Published date:
19 July 2022
The Collective Opinion had pointed out that scientific and technological developments in the near future may be expected which might have a profound influence on the concepts and the practice of radi...
Published date:
29 May 2020
These expert groups have been disbanded.
Published date:
30 June 2020
Disruptive technologies for nuclear safety applications
Published date:
13 August 2020
The page describes the NEA's work on computing radiation dose and modelling of radiation-induced degradation of reactor components.
Published date:
30 September 2020
Life Fellow, Praelector, Magdalene College Cambridge
Published date:
13 May 2020
Electronic database of the TDB Project
Published date:
30 January 2021
The Convention on the Establishment of a Security Control in the Field of Nuclear Energy ("Security Control Convention") and the Protocol on the Tribunal established by the Security Control Conventio...
Published date:
12 January 2023
The Data Bank NDS hosts an archive of past evaluated library releases, for consultation and download. Please note many of the libraries available here have been superseeded, some are no longer mainta...
Published date:
20 July 2020
Description of the Evaluated Nuclear Data Libraries
Published date:
30 January 2020
This study analyses the need for adjustments in or new developments of the fuel cycle for Small Modular Reactors.
Published date:
4 November 2020
All Global Forum meetings, events and conferences are listed on this page.
Published date:
24 May 2023
A list of NEST events, conferences, workshops and summer schools organised in the context of ongoing NEST projects.
Published date:
24 May 2023
The Data Bank is responsible, through its Nuclear Data Service, for the compilation into the EXFOR database, of experimental nuclear reaction data coming from Data Bank member countries, as a foundin...
Published date:
3 June 2020
The Expert Group on a Data and Information Management Strategy for the Safety Case (EGSSC) shall address activities that help RWMOs to describe and better understand the data and information they hol...
Published date:
18 July 2023
The HDCS will develop a holistic process for decision making and provide guidelines to allow an integral progression from recognition to resolution, to support the decommissioning and management of c...
Published date:
28 August 2023
The experience mostly derived from Chernobyl and Fukushima post-accident situations has shown that the management of contaminated food after such nuclear disasters can lead to a number of public heal...
Published date:
9 June 2022
The expert group primarily acted as a forum for scientific and technical information exchange on advanced light water reactor (LWR) fuels with enhanced accident tolerance.
Published date:
18 October 2022
The expert group primarily acted as a forum for scientific and technical information exchange on advanced light water reactor (LWR) fuels with enhanced accident tolerance. This is a list of the group...
Published date:
25 February 2020
This expert group investigated what are the cogeneration capabilities of various advanced reactor designs, as well as the flexibility they may have to switch from electricity generation to heat produ...
Published date:
15 October 2020
The goal of the Expert Group on Back-end Strategies (BEST) was to identify aspects of significant importance to countries’ decisions on whether to deploy partially and fully closed nuclear fuel cycle...
Published date:
22 July 2020
New nuclear power plants ("Generation III+") are likely to be evolutions of current designs ("Generation II"). It is therefore expected that much may be learnt about the performance of new plants by ...
Published date:
29 May 2020
International experts seek solutions on how regulators and implementers build effective dialogue on radioactive waste management.
Published date:
26 October 2020
The goal of EGCUL is to share state-of-the-art knowledge and experience in characterising a large amount of unknown waste derived from nuclear accidents and past nuclear activities.
Published date:
12 July 2022
Nuclear emergency preparedness and response management are essential components to ensure safety and radiation protection in any nuclear or non-nuclear country. While international guidelines for eme...
Published date:
30 June 2022
The EGCDL will address costing issues for decommissioning of nuclear installations and legacy management as a level three expert group.
Published date:
22 August 2023
Decommissioning activities are clearly set to increase internationally, giving rise to a sizeable market, growing in business and competition. Meanwhile, ongoing decommissioning work continue at a su...
Published date:
16 June 2020
The Expert Group conducted an appraisal of existing studies and data on the economic costs of severe nuclear accidents that have occurred in civil nuclear energy.
Published date:
16 June 2020
Under the guidance of the Working Party on Materials Science Issues in Nuclear Fuels and Structural Materials (WPFM), the Expert Group on Fuel Materials (EGFM) focuses on materials science aspects of...
Published date:
3 March 2023
The Crystalline Club (CRC) is composed of technical experts with experience in evaluating or reviewing the understanding of crystalline rock as host rocks for deep geologic disposal projects. CRC mem...
Published date:
16 November 2021
The NEA Expert Group on Implementation of New International Recommendations for Emergency Exposure Situations (EGIRES) met for the first time in January 2011 with the participation of six NEA member ...
Published date:
29 May 2020
The expert group works in co-ordination with Working Party on Scientific Issues of Reactor Systems (WPRS) [including the IRPhE Project], Working Party on Scientific Issues of the Fuel Cycle (WPFC) an...
Published date:
9 March 2020
The expert group critically reviewed integral experiments for validating minor actinide (MA) nuclear data, recommended additional integral experiments needed for validating MA nuclear data and invest...
Published date:
5 March 2021
In 2002, the NEA CRPPH established a dedicated expert group (EGIR) to evaluate draft general recommendations developed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and to provide...
Published date:
23 June 2021
Many NEA member countries are facing problems with radiologically contaminated legacy sites and installations. There are many examples of how different legacy issues are managed in various countries,...
Published date:
10 June 2021
The expert group dealt with the activities associated with the certification of experimental data and benchmark models along with establishing the processes and procedures for using the data and benc...
Published date:
23 November 2021
The Nuclear Science Committee (NSC), through its expert group, conducted a study on research and development (R&D) needs in nuclear science, held a workshop on R&D needs for current and future nuclea...
Published date:
30 September 2020
Published date:
4 July 2022
The Expert Group on Occupational Exposure (EGOE) will build on operational and regulatory experience in NEA member countries, focusing on the use of existing databases to identify where and how opera...
Published date:
12 March 2020
The EGOE facilitates an active and timely exchange of operating experience information to establish, implement, assess, and continuously improve regulatory oversight practices and programmes.
Published date:
16 February 2024
The Expert Group on Operational Safety (EGOS) aims to identify, evaluate and help define international best practice in operating geological repositories for radioactive waste safely.
Published date:
4 February 2021
Under the guidance of the Working Party on Scientific Issues and Uncertainty Analysis of Reactor Systems (WPRS), the Expert Group on Physics of Reactor Systems (EGPRS) performs specific tasks associa...
Published date:
6 December 2023
The Expert Group on Public Communication of Nuclear Regulatory Organisations (EGPC) is responsible for supporting and advising the Committee on Nuclear Regulatory Activities (CNRA) in carrying out it...
Published date:
2 February 2024
Under the guidance of the Working Party on Scientific Issues of Reactor Systems (WPRS), the expert group performed specific tasks associated with radiation transport and shielding aspects of current ...
Published date:
3 March 2020
The EGRPF will be responsible for managing the work of the CRPPH and its sub-groups as it relates to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident. While this does not necessarily mean that the group will b...
Published date:
29 May 2020
The Expert Group on Radiological Protection Science at the Service of Stakeholders (EGSS) used the case studies already elaborated through the NEA Villigen stakeholder workshops to examine how, when ...
Published date:
29 May 2020
Created in 2019, under the guidance of the Working Party on Scientific Issues of Reactor Systems (WPRS) the expert group will perform specific tasks associated with core thermal-hydraulics aspects of...
Published date:
6 December 2023
Under the guidance of the Working Party on Scientific Issues and Uncertainty Analysis of Reactor Systems (WPRS) the expert group performs specific tasks associated with fuel performance aspects of pr...
Published date:
8 March 2023
The Expert Group on Reactor Systems Multi-Physics (EGMUP) advances the state of the art in establishing processes and procedures for certifying experimental data and benchmarking multi-physics multi-...
Published date:
6 December 2023
The Expert Group on Reactor-based Plutonium Disposition (TFRPD) dealt with the status and trends of reactor physics, fuel performance and fuel cycle issues related to the disposition of weapons-grade...
Published date:
16 December 2020
In the aftermath of the Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accidents, the notion of sustainable recovery from nuclear or radiological accidents has been at the centre of attention for the intern...
Published date:
1 July 2022
The main objective of the Salt Club is to make the current knowledge base on rock salt more readily available to member countries, particularly those countries with adequate rock salt deposits to hos...
Published date:
10 November 2021
The Expert Group on Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities (SATIF) dealt with the various aspects of the modelling and design of accelerator shield systems and radiatio...
Published date:
19 November 2021
With the growing importance of SMRs, following the proposal of the CSNI Bureau, the CSNI has decided to create an Expert Group on SMRs (EGSMR), at its 69th meeting held on 2-3 June 2021.
Published date:
7 April 2023
The NEA has established the expert group on stakeholder involvement and organisational structures (EGSIOS) to examine the organisational structures of radiological protection institutes with respect ...
Published date:
29 May 2020
To better understand how the process of developing radiation protection risk identification, assessment and management should evolve to better address societal needs, the CRPPH organised the first Vi...
Published date:
8 June 2020
Under the guidance of the Working Party on Materials Science Issues in Nuclear Fuels and Structural Materials (WPFM), the Expert Group on Structural Materials (EGSM) focuses on materials science aspe...
Published date:
3 March 2023
The EGRRS supports NEA member countries to optimise the development of national radioactive waste management and decommissioning programmes through the application of robotic and remote systems.
Published date:
19 March 2024
The ICRP will issue new recommendations in 2006. In this context the CRPPH has decided to identify topics and areas that in the mid- to long-term future will (or could) have significant influence on ...
Published date:
29 May 2020
Challenges related to extended storage are topical in most countries with mature nuclear programmes. Effort to address this issue is ongoing in individual countries. Available knowledge from member c...
Published date:
18 June 2020
Radioactive effluent releases from nuclear installations, in normal operation, have been reduced in recent years, but are still subject to much discussion. The demand for further reductions is genera...
Published date:
29 May 2020
The CRPPH agreed that EGIS should survey currently ongoing projects in radiological protection science, and discuss the possible implications that their results could provoke. This should focus on pr...
Published date:
29 May 2020
Since the recognition of the health risks exposure to ionising radiation poses, an internationally accepted system of radiation protection has evolved. As new scientific information and radiological ...
Published date:
29 May 2020
The NEA Expert Group on the Public Health Perspective in Radiological Protection (EGPH) was created to explore this field. At its first meeting expert group members identified a range of areas that c...
Published date:
29 May 2020
The EGRA studied the concept of authorisation in a practical context in order to assist regulators and practitioners in understanding how this concept could be implemented. The EGRA met twice in 2003...
Published date:
8 June 2020
The expert group provided advice to the Working Party on Scientific Issues of Reactor Systems (WPRS) on the scientific development needs (data and methods, validation experiments, scenario studies) o...
Published date:
27 October 2021
The group analysed the potential contribution of uranium mining in economic and social development, and explored whether uranium activities are managed to ensure a positive benefit to local and natio...
Published date:
9 June 2020
NEST Fellows can be Master’s students, PhDs, postdoctoral researchers, young professionals, etc. belonging to one of the NEST project’s participating organisations.
Published date:
24 May 2023
The FIDES-II framework is designed to do more than just produce data on transient fuel behavior and safety related issues.
Published date:
13 June 2023
National legislation: Finland
Published date:
19 September 2023
Fluoride salt-cooled high-temperature reactors (FHRs), cooled with liquid (molten) salt, fueled with TRISO-based fuel are a potential molten salt reactor (MSR) design.
Published date:
14 June 2021
Forsmark 1 and 2 Boiling Water Reactor Stability Benchmark
Published date:
2 August 2022
The Forum on Stakeholder Confidence (FSC) was established by the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC) in 2000 and serves as a platform for understanding and enhancing stakeholder engagem...
Published date:
11 March 2024
This page contains information about the founding documents of the OECD/NEA.
Published date:
14 September 2020
The Frameworks Agreement provides a legal framework designed to promote co-operation in the field of the safety of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste management in the Russian Federation dealin...
Published date:
17 November 2023
Nuclear legislation: France
Published date:
19 September 2023
On 11 March 2011, a massive earthquake of magnitude 9.0 on the Richter scale jolted the eastern coast of Japan. An hour after the earthquake, a 14-15 m tsunami, as estimated at the Fukushima Daiichi ...
Published date:
9 March 2023
The Fundamentals of International Nuclear Law (FINL) is an online programme run by the NEA that provies a high-level, introductory review of the central aspects of international nuclear law.
Published date:
26 April 2022
Nuclear legislation: Germany
Published date:
19 September 2023
This Global Forum Working Group focuses on activities to increase the number of women in the nuclear field.
Published date:
25 May 2023
Co-Chair: Raul Barrachina (left), National Atomic Energy Commission and Kenichi Ishikawa (right), University of Tokyo
Published date:
25 May 2023
Co-Chair: Emanuela Colombo (left), Politecnico di Milano and Edward Obbard (right), The University of New South Wales Sydney (UNSW)
Published date:
25 May 2023
Co-Chair: Ian Farnan (left), University of Cambridge and Man-Sung Yim (right), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
Published date:
25 May 2023
National legislation: Greece
Published date:
25 April 2022
Published date:
26 May 2020
Historically, average discharge burn-ups in light water reactors (LWRs) have steadily increased with time as experience has accumulated and technological developments have progressed. The main benefi...
Published date:
30 September 2020
High Burnup Experiments in Reactivity Initiated Accident (HERA) is dedicated to the understanding of LWR fuel performance at high burn-up under reactivity-initiated accidents (RIA).
Published date:
6 March 2023
The overall objective of the High-level Group on Low Dose Research (HLG-LDR) is to support radiological protection policy, regulation and implementation choices by improving the effectiveness and eff...
Published date:
12 May 2023
The NEA established the High-level Group on the Security of Supply of Medical Radioisotopes (HLG-MR) in April 2009 to examine the underlying reasons for the global 2009-10 supply shortage and to deve...
Published date:
28 April 2020
High-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs), also known as very-high-temperature reactors (VHTR) are Generation IV reactors that can operate at very high temperatures and use a graphite-moderated ga...
Published date:
22 June 2022
Concerned with the rapidly increasing energy needs of post-World War II European economic recovery, and particularly the possibilities presented by nuclear power, the Council of the OEEC (OECD predec...
Published date:
28 September 2020
The Computer Program Service (CPS) is part of an intergovernmental organisation. As such, it follows the rules established by its participating countries.
Published date:
26 May 2020
The NEA Data Bank distributes nuclear computer codes and processed nuclear data libraries to eligible IAEA Member countries upon request. Requesters in this category are encouraged to familiarise t...
Published date:
27 January 2023
Nuclear legislation: Hungary
Published date:
19 September 2023
Nuclear legislation: Iceland
Published date:
25 April 2022
This page contains a list of the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) participants and evaluations if any.
Published date:
10 November 2022
The Integration Group for the Safety Case (IGSC) has been organising a series of symposia every five years focusing on the development of a competent and robust safety case since 2007, in co‑operatio...
Published date:
21 November 2023
This structural materials Joint Experimental Program (JEEP) is aimed at developing the capability to perform a variety of in-core mechanical testing measurements.
Published date:
13 January 2023
The INCA experiments will provide comparative data on the irradiation induced creep of current Zr alloys and Cr coated samples
Published date:
15 November 2023
Nuclear legislation: India
Published date:
19 September 2023
In order to test the evolved communication and information technologies, the NEA organised the INEX 2000 exercise hosted in France at the Gravelines nuclear power plant, 22-23 May 2001. This internat...
Published date:
26 May 2020
The first INEX exercise was held in 1993 to address the international community need to improve the quality and the co-ordination of emergency response systems on a regional scale, in particular in t...
Published date:
25 May 2020
The INEX-2 exercise was planned as a series of regional, command-post exercises with the simultaneous real-time participation of many countries – including those from Eastern Europe and Asia – and in...
Published date:
26 May 2020
Despite the significant advances made in early phase emergency management as a result of INEX series, longer-term consequence management has remained a difficult challenge for emergency managers. In ...
Published date:
26 May 2020
The INEX-4 exercise was designed to allow participants to investigate the national and, in some cases, international arrangements for responding to widespread radiological contamination of the urban ...
Published date:
26 May 2020
The INEX-5 exercises series were developed in 2013-2014 and were conducted between September 2015 and June 2016. The preliminary analysis of the INEX-5 evaluation questionnaires, as well as details o...
Published date:
22 June 2022
Published date:
22 June 2022
The ISOE was launched in 1992 by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) to improve the management of occupational exposures at nuclear power plants through the collection and analysis of occupational e...
Published date:
27 May 2020
The Integration Group for the Safety Case (IGSC) provides advice to the Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC) on major and emerging issues to facilitate the development of waste management st...
Published date:
17 March 2022
The IGSC has identified various tools that can be used to structure and thus better manage and transfer the ever-increasing amounts of information and knowledge across a project lifetime.
Published date:
17 August 2020
The design and implementation activities of the Integration Group for the Safety Case (IGSC) focus on how to achieve safety in practice.
Published date:
3 July 2020
IGSC activities in the field of Assessment Strategy and Tool evaluate effective assessment tools and strategies in developing and integrating a safety case.
Published date:
16 February 2021
The Scientific Basis activities of the Integration Group for the Safety Case (IGSC) examine important scientific and technical issues for the development and integration of safety cases.
Published date:
30 June 2020
Definition of data found for nuclides in "Cross sections" category under the node "General information / Integral data"
Published date:
8 April 2021
The ICGR brings together high-level decision-makers from regulatory and local government bodies, waste management organisations and public stakeholder communities to review current perspectives of ge...
Published date:
26 February 2021
International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology
Published date:
28 September 2020
The Nuclear Terrorism Convention's main objective relates to the criminalisation of a number of nuclear and radioactive material related offences, the establishment of jurisdiction over these offen...
Published date:
26 April 2024
The Terrorist Bombings Convention's objective is to enhance international co-operation among states in devising and adopting effective and practical measures for the prevention of acts of terrorism...
Published date:
27 October 2023
The Terrorist Financing Convention's objective is to enhance international co-operation among states in devising and adopting effective measures for the prevention of the financing of terrorism, as...
Published date:
21 November 2023
The NEA performs depositary functions on behalf of the OECD Secretary-General for diverse international agreements.
Published date:
26 January 2023
The primary purpose of the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) is to compile critical and subcritical benchmark experiment data into a standardised format that allo...
Published date:
10 November 2022
The International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) Handbook contains criticality safety benchmark specifications that have been derived from experiments that were performed at...
Published date:
10 November 2022
Description of the contents of the IFPE collection, maintained by the NEA and the IAEA.
Published date:
8 April 2024
International Fuel Performance Experiments (IFPE) is a data collection of nuclear fuel performance experiments for the purpose of code development and validation.
Published date:
18 January 2024
Guidance to request the data collection of nuclear fuel performance experiments for the purpose of code development and validation.
Published date:
19 April 2023
The International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments (IRPhE) contains reactor physics benchmark specifications that have been derived from experiments that were performed at ...
Published date:
9 November 2022
The NEA Committee on Radiological Protection and Public Health (CRPPH), through various sub-groups, has focused on improving the effectiveness of international nuclear emergency preparedness and mana...
Published date:
22 June 2022
The International Nuclear Law Essentials (INLE) is a one-week programme run by the NEA covering practical issues in international nuclear law.
Published date:
10 April 2024
The CRPPH has long served as a forum for exchange and co-operation, to establish best practices, contribute to the development of the key recommendations of the International Commission on Radiologic...
Published date:
18 March 2024
The IRPhEP Database and Analysis Tool (IDAT) was first released in 2013 and is included on the IRPhE Handbook DVD. This database and corresponding user interface allows easy access to handbook inform...
Published date:
17 March 2022
The International School of Nuclear Law (ISNL) is a two-week programme run annually by the NEA and the University of Montpellier and supported by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Coveri...
Published date:
9 April 2024
The International School on Simulation of Nuclear Reactor Systems (SINUS) provides hybrid, hands-on-training encompassing multiphysics modelling and simulation (M&S) and associated validation, verifi...
Published date:
21 December 2023
International Workshop on Nuclear Data Evaluation for Reactor Applications (WONDER)
Published date:
23 September 2020
Nuclear legislation: Ireland
Published date:
25 April 2022
IRPhE Handbook 2019 Edition - Contents
Published date:
30 September 2020
This page describes the restrictions and provides a disclaimer on the use of International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments (IRPhE) .
Published date:
9 November 2020
Collected sources of primary documentation for reactor physics benchmarks.
Published date:
14 April 2022
The International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation (IRPhE) Technical Review Group provides the nuclear community with qualified benchmark data sets by collecting reactor physics experimental dat...
Published date:
10 November 2022
The ISOE Bureau welcomed the proposal and also decided that close collaboration with the CRPPH Working Party on Nuclear Emergency Management (WPNEM) is necessary for this work. It is also indicated t...
Published date:
27 May 2020
It was expected from utilities representatives participating to the EGWC to provide a description of the way they managed their source term so as to prevent (limit) contamination of the primary coola...
Published date:
27 May 2020
Decommissioning of nuclear power plants is a subject of growing importance for NEA member countries and will represent significant budgets and industrial activities in the future. Through various joi...
Published date:
27 May 2020
Nuclear legislation: Italy
Published date:
25 April 2022
JANIS (Java-based nuclear information software) is an application designed to facilitate the visualisation and manipulation of nuclear data. JANIS will be helpful to engineers and physicists who use ...
Published date:
24 November 2022
The JANIS Books are compilations of cross-section curves of evaluated and experimental data from a number of evaluated libraries, nuclear reactions and associated reaction products.
Published date:
2 October 2020
Published date:
28 September 2020
Published date:
28 September 2020
JANIS documentation and help pages
Published date:
28 September 2020
Published date:
28 September 2020
JANIS TRANS Checker is a command line tool for EXFOR compilers to check PRELIM or TRANS files and reports potential deviations from EXFOR coding rules.
Published date:
30 November 2023
National legislation: Japan
Published date:
19 September 2023
The JEFF suite of nuclear data libraries contains a number of different data types, including neutron and proton interaction data, radioactive decay data, fission yields data, and thermal scattering ...
Published date:
27 January 2020
Supplements to JEFF Report 23
Published date:
26 May 2020
The Joint Convention is an incentive convention that aims to, inter alia, achieve and a high level of safety worldwide in spent fuel and radioactive waste management, through the enhancement of nat...
Published date:
6 December 2023
Joint Declaration on the Security of Supply of Medical Radioisotopes
Published date:
9 July 2020
Acts as a bridge between the Paris and Vienna Conventions, effectively extending the benefits provided by one convention to victims in countries that have joined the other convention.
Published date:
12 April 2022
The Joint Protocol acts as a bridge between the Paris and Vienna Conventions, effectively extending the benefits provided by one convention to victims in countries that have joined the other conven...
Published date:
26 April 2024
Full text of the Joint Protocol Relating to the Application of the Vienna Convention and the Paris Convention.
Published date:
26 April 2022
This benchmark was a continuation of the V1000CT activities and defined a coupled code problem for further validation of thermal-hydraulics system codes for application with Russian-designed VVER-100...
Published date:
19 July 2022
Nuclear legislation: Korea
Published date:
19 September 2023
Lead-cooled Fast Reactors (LFR) are rather new concepts which have gathered increasing international attention after the Generation-IV International Forum (GIF) selected them as promising candidates ...
Published date:
9 June 2023
In line with its ambition to be a reference centre for knowledge preservation, the NEA Data Bank also offers the following legacy books from its collection.
Published date:
21 April 2020
Dr. J.D. Lewins, has made available three of his books (for which he owns the copyright) for free distribution by the NEA Data Bank.
- Importance: The Adjoint Function
- Nuclear Reactor Kinetics and Con...
Published date:
27 April 2020
Professor M.M.R Williams, the copyright owner, has released three of his legacy books for free distribution by the NEA Data Bank.
Published date:
23 April 2020
The legislation country reports provide comprehensive information on the regulatory and institutional framework governing nuclear activities in OECD and NEA member countries.
Published date:
2 April 2024
The Working Party on Nuclear Liability and Transport (WPNLT) agreed to prepare and publish specific country sheets presenting provisions related to nuclear transport and transit under the relevant na...
Published date:
27 March 2024
NJOY - Data Processing System of Evaluated Nuclear Data Files in ENDF format
Published date:
24 April 2020
The Liquid Metal Fast Reactor (LFMR) is one of the next generation reactor designs. This benchmark consists of steady-state numerical predictions of Texas A&M University (TAMU) separate effect tests ...
Published date:
19 July 2022
The goal of the LOCA-MIR experiments is to study the behaviour of high burnup, gadolinia-doped fuel under design-basis LOCA conditions.
Published date:
12 August 2022
Nuclear legislation: Luxembourg
Published date:
25 April 2022
The main decision body of the NEST Framework is the Management Board which includes one member and one alternate from each NEST Country.
Published date:
4 September 2023
Building on the NEA BFBT and PSBT benchmarks, McMaster University, in collaboration with North Carolina State University, launched a CANDU thermal-hydraulic benchmark under the WPRS Expert Group on U...
Published date:
19 July 2022
MeshTal Viewer is a Java based software which can read mesh tallies output formats of several neutron transport codes and display them graphically.
Published date:
2 October 2020
MeshTal Viewer user manual
Published date:
25 November 2022
Nuclear legislation: Mexico
Published date:
19 September 2023
Status of accession of the Framework Agreement and Protocol on a Multilateral Nuclear Environmental Programme in the Russian Federation (MNEPR).
Published date:
17 November 2023
Multi-physics Pellet Cladding Mechanical Interaction Validation (MPCMIV) Benchmark
Published date:
19 July 2022
Information on, including the status of adherence to, the multilateral agreements of highest import to international nuclear law.
Published date:
21 April 2023
The NEA participated in the 28th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP28) in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, to shed light on nuclear energy’s role in addressing climate change.
Published date:
11 December 2023
NEA Data Bank participating countries and years of accession
Published date:
17 June 2020
The NEA Data Bank Computer Program Service (CPS) has been conducting training activities for more than 30 years. These courses provide a unique opportunity to bring together code users from around th...
Published date:
22 April 2024
The Global Forum on Nuclear Education, Science, Technology and Policy acts as an inclusive network of experts in the nuclear energy sector, primarily from academia, focused on enabling the generation...
Published date:
2 October 2023
Published date:
28 February 2024
The NEA survey on the status of nuclear education, training and outreach in member countries is conducted by the NEA Global Forum on Nuclear Education, Science, Technology and Policy Working Group 2:...
Published date:
22 March 2023
The NEA also provides technical secretariat services forGeneration IV International Forum (GIF), International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation (IFNEC) and Multinational Design Evaluation Pro...
Published date:
30 September 2020
The project led by JAEA/CLADS will be dedicated to advanced remote technology for decommissioning under intense gamma-ray radiation environments (e.g. robotics, virtual reality).
Published date:
22 March 2023
The proposed NEST project BEAST addresses postgraduate students, postdoctoral researchers and young professionals, who intend to work in the field of Nuclear Decommissioning and Waste Management. The...
Published date:
24 May 2023
This page will contain educational resources which have been prepared in the frame of the NEST by the Participants itself or by its Partners.
Published date:
20 April 2020
The NEST HYMERES project addresses safety-relevant phenomena in containments during accidents. It offers hands-on training opportunities during the experimental test campaigns carried at the PSI PAND...
Published date:
22 March 2023
MANTRAS includes educational and training courses, events on applications in the medical sector, and access to the available research infrastructures. It focuses in particular on the development of n...
Published date:
22 March 2023
This NEST project addresses the main issues of i‑graphite management, including characterisation, decontamination and disposal.
Published date:
29 April 2022
This NEST project aims to provide the necessary education and hands-on training component to the new multilateral initiative currently developed by NEA to strengthen fuel and material- related experi...
Published date:
2 February 2021
This project aims to integrate SMR research projects from the individual participant organisation countries into a broader and more impactful programme. It will include elements of technology assessm...
Published date:
22 March 2023
Nuclear legislation: Netherlands
Published date:
19 September 2023
Neutron noise analysis can be defined as the direct measurement of the kinetics of a nuclear core. This page describes some of the NEA's previous activities on neutron noise analysis in nuclear power...
Published date:
26 July 2021
The CRISSUE-S Project was created to re-evaluate fundamental technical issues with the technology of light water reactors (LWRs).
Published date:
2 November 2023
National legislation: New Zealand
Published date:
25 April 2022
Published date:
20 February 2020
Nuclear legislation: Norway
Published date:
25 April 2022
The tasks and duties of liaison officers are detailed in this
document.
Published date:
26 May 2020
Under the guidance of the Nuclear Science Committee (NSC), the Task Force on Demonstration of Fuel Cycle Closure including Partitioning and Transmutation (P&T) for Industrial Readiness by 2050 (TF-FC...
Published date:
8 January 2024
Nuclear data applications, verification and validation
Published date:
9 March 2020
Nuclear data covariance and assimilation
Published date:
9 March 2020
Published date:
9 March 2020
Nuclear data fission physics
Published date:
9 March 2020
NEA work in nuclear data formats
Published date:
9 March 2020
Nuclear data measurements
Published date:
9 March 2020
Nuclear Data Sensitivity Tool (NDaST), aims to provide rapid feedback on the effect of changes to nuclear data on integral benchmarks.
Published date:
17 May 2022
The Nuclear Data Service of the Data Bank supports the development, compilation, testing, verification and dissemination of experimental and evaluated nuclear data, and develops in-house analysis and...
Published date:
28 May 2020
Nuclear data thermal scattering
Published date:
9 March 2020
The Nuclear Data Service of the Data Bank supports the development, compilation, testing, verification, benchmarking and dissemination of experimental and evaluated nuclear data, and develops in-hous...
Published date:
3 June 2020
The NEA launched the Nuclear Education, Skills and Technology (NEST) Framework in partnership with its member countries to help address important gaps in nuclear skills capacity building, knowledge t...
Published date:
13 September 2023
Nuclear Energy Data is the Nuclear Energy Agency's annual compilation of statistics and country reports documenting nuclear power status in NEA member countries and in the OECD area.
Published date:
15 June 2020
An NEA initiative to accelerate R&D and market deployment of innovative nuclear fission technologies.
Published date:
20 February 2020
The Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law.
Published date:
26 April 2024
Older issues of the Nuclear Law Bulletin (Nos. 1 to 80).
Published date:
3 April 2023
Table of contents of Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 102
Published date:
15 April 2020
The Nuclear Law Committee (NLC) is a highly focused group of specialists designated by the NEA member countries, comprising lawyers, policy makers, academics and from time to time, technical experts....
Published date:
5 March 2024
Nuclear Law Education Resources
Published date:
6 June 2023
Analytical studies on nuclear legislation in OECD member countries and in Central and Eastern Europe and the NIS issued between 1995 and 2003.
Published date:
27 October 2023
The NEA Division of Nuclear Law (DNL) works on a suite of publications, workshops and symposia to advance cooperation and understanding of nuclear liability.
Published date:
21 April 2022
One of the major achievements of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is the knowledge it has helped to generate through the organisation of joint international research projects. Such projects, prim...
Published date:
15 April 2024
The NEA nuclear science programme is developed and executed by the Nuclear Science Committee (NSC), comprising high-level scientific experts from all NEA member countries.
Published date:
6 December 2023
Established to help fulfil the objectives of the Agency and the Nuclear Science Committee (NSC), the NSC Programme Review Group (PRG) formulates recommendations based on best practices to optimise ac...
Published date:
19 March 2024
Convention/treaty status of each member country of the OECD or the NEA.
Published date:
24 January 2024
NUPEC Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) Full-size Fine-mesh Bundle Test (BFBT) Benchmark
Published date:
2 August 2022
How to handle "Out Of Memory" errors
Published date:
30 September 2020
The Paris Convention establishes a nuclear liability and compensation regime to compensate victims of a nuclear accident. The PC is open to OECD member countries as of right and non-member countrie...
Published date:
26 April 2024
The Paris Convention establishes a nuclear liability and compensation regime to compensate victims of a nuclear accident. The PC is open to OECD member countries as of right and non-member countries ...
Published date:
30 March 2023
Latest status of ratifications or accessions to the Paris Convention on Nuclear Third Party Liability.
Published date:
4 April 2023
The international benchmark concerned pebble bed modular reactor (PBMR) coupled neutronics/thermal-hydraulics transients based on the PBMR-400MW design.
Published date:
26 July 2021
The aim of the benchmark is to improve understanding and modelling of pellet-cladding mechanical interaction (PCMI) amongst NEA member organisations. This is achieved by comparing PCMI predictions of...
Published date:
23 March 2022
For nuclear utility companies that opt to reprocess spent fuel, recycle it or do both, one of the main pertinent issues is plutonium recycling.
Published date:
8 September 2021
Nuclear legislation: Poland
Published date:
19 September 2023
National legislation: Portugal
Published date:
19 September 2023
P2M includes in-pile tests and Post-Irradiated Examinations in Hot-Laboratory to assess the operational margins at high power.
Published date:
6 December 2023
This benchmark incorporated full 3-D modelling of the reactor core into system transient codes for best-estimate simulations of the interactions between reactor core behaviour and plant dynamics and ...
Published date:
2 August 2022
PWR MOX/UO2 Core Transient Benchmark
Published date:
7 December 2022
The NEA Division of Nuclear Law (DNL) helps create sound national and international legal regimes required for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy.
Published date:
25 April 2022
This ongoing series on projected costs of generating electricity presents and analyses cost estimates for some 130 power and co-generation (heat and power) plants using coal, gas, nuclear and renewab...
Published date:
15 June 2020
At the heart of the NEST Framework are multinational and multidisciplinary projects, so-called NEST projects.
Published date:
24 May 2023
The Kiev Protocol requires states to evaluate the consequences of their official draft plans and programmes, and, to the extent appropriate, policies and legislation that are likely to have signifi...
Published date:
24 January 2024
The 1997 Vienna Protocol improves the original regime by requiring that more money be made available to compensate more victims for a broad range of damages.
Published date:
26 April 2024
The 2004 Protocol to the BSC improves the existing regime by requiring that significantly more compensation be made available to supplement that which is to be provided for under the Paris Conventi...
Published date:
12 April 2022
The 2004 Protocol to the PC improves the existing regime by requiring that more money be made available to compensate more victims for a broader range of damages.
Published date:
12 April 2022
The Nuclear Law Bulletin (NLB) welcomes submissions from professionals and academics involved in or interested in the field of nuclear law.
Published date:
26 April 2022
A group of researchers and experts operating under the aegis of the High-Level Group of Low Dose Research, a working party of the Committee on Radiological Protection and Public Health (NEA CRPPH)
Published date:
22 January 2024
Based on the NEA's 1999 Rome workshop on the Regulatory Aspects of Decommissioning, and on the experience from the NEA's Co-operative Programme for the Exchange of Scientific and Technical Informatio...
Published date:
8 June 2020
An Assessment of the Present Status and Future Perspectives of Radiation Protection
The views expressed in this document about the quality of radiation protection today relate to the situation in OEC...
Published date:
29 May 2020
Information on the waste management and decommissioning programmes of individual member countries of the NEA are presented in country profiles and country reports. Both documents aim to provide topic...
Published date:
5 November 2020
The working parties and expert groups with completed mandates, completed projects and completed conferences and workshops during the last mandate (2011-2016) and current mandate (2017-2022) of the RW...
Published date:
23 July 2020
The Division of Radioactive Waste Management and Decommissioning (RWMD) supports the Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC) and the Committee on Decommissioning of Nuclear Installations and Le...
Published date:
22 July 2020
The committee supports member countries in the development of safe and economically efficient management of all types of radioactive waste (including spent fuel) based on the latest scientific and te...
Published date:
27 January 2021
The RepMet initiative aimed to improve understanding of the identification, administration and application of metadata to support national programmes in managing radioactive waste repository data, in...
Published date:
13 October 2021
The Regulators' Forum (RF) is made up of regulators who participate in the work of the RWMC and CDLM, helping to address common regulatory issues of NEA member countries.
Published date:
26 October 2020
National legislation: Republic of Türkiye
Published date:
19 September 2023
Regulatory authorities develop regulations and the associated practical guidance. Considering the long-term safety of repository, regulators develop operational criteria and optimization for the repo...
Published date:
15 June 2020
National legislation: Romania
Published date:
25 April 2022
A number of tests with detail well documented neutronics and thermal-hydraulics measurements data have been performed at the Rostov Unit 2 (Rostov-2) nuclear power plant (NPP). The reactor type is a ...
Published date:
2 August 2022
Nuclear legislation: Russian Federation
Published date:
19 September 2023
The Global Forum Secretariat works with the Global Forum to provide support to the Council of Advisors to make products available to the Agency’s bodies and projects as appropriate. The Secretariat a...
Published date:
30 May 2023
The NEST Secretariat monitors the progress of the different NEST Projects, supports the Management Board in the Monitoring and Evaluation process and provides the interface between the NEST Projects ...
Published date:
24 May 2023
The Senior Expert Group on Safety Research / Support Facilities for Existing and Advanced Reactors 2 (SESAR/SFEAR2) is responsible for reviewing and updating the previous SESAR assessments of researc...
Published date:
22 April 2020
The Senior Expert Group on Safety Research Opportunities Post-Fukushima (SAREF) was established at the June 2013 CSNI meeting to identify research activities to address safety research knowledge gaps...
Published date:
4 February 2021
Sensitivities Viewer is a Java based software which can read sensitivities files and plot sensitivities profiles.
Published date:
25 September 2020
SFCOMPO 2.0 (Spent Fuel Isotopic Composition) is a relational database designed to facilitate the search and visualisation of experimental assay data of spent nuclear fuel.
Published date:
2 October 2020
The Shielding Integral Benchmark Archive and Database (SINBAD) database contains compilations for 46 reactor shielding, 31 fusion neutronics and 23 accelerator shielding experiments.
Published date:
10 January 2024
Nuclear legislation: Slovak Republic
Published date:
19 September 2023
Nuclear legislation: Slovenia
Published date:
19 September 2023
This report is based upon an in-depth analysis of research work and published literature on risk perception and communication , public participation in policy and decision making and the evolution of...
Published date:
23 June 2020
A sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) is a fast neutron reactor that uses molten sodium metal as a coolant. Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors (SFRs) are the most promising type of reactors to achieve Generati...
Published date:
4 February 2021
More detailed infromation on some computer codes
Published date:
24 April 2020
Nuclear legislation: Spain
Published date:
19 September 2023
Statement by the OECD/NEA Steering Committee for Nuclear Energy Regarding Policy Actions Necessary to Ensure the Long-term Security of Supply of Medical Radioisotopes
Published date:
9 July 2020
The NEA's strategic partners
Published date:
30 September 2020
The Subgroup on Uncertainty Analysis in Modelling (UAM) for Design, Operation and Safety Analysis of Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors (SFR-UAM) was formed to check the use of best-estimate codes and data....
Published date:
18 January 2024
You developed a code with an application in nuclear science and technology and you are willing to share it worldwide through the NEA Data Bank? First, thank you!
Published date:
29 November 2019
Nuclear legislation: Sweden
Published date:
19 September 2023
Nuclear legislation: Switzerland
Published date:
19 September 2023
How to tabulate data in JANIS
Published date:
29 September 2020
The EGMUP Task Force on artificial intelligence and machine learning will design benchmark specifications to evaluate the performance of AI/ML in multi-physics modeling and simulation of reactor syst...
Published date:
4 October 2023
The Critical Heat Flux (CHF) benchmark exercise of the Task Force on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Scientific Computing in Nuclear Engineering leverages the recently published CHF ...
Published date:
9 February 2024
A CRPPH's task force to provide a high-level analysis report on radiological protection challenges related to the deployment of SMRs.
Published date:
1 September 2023
A Task Group on Advanced Reactor Experimental Facilities (TAREF) had been set up to provide an overview of facilities suitable for carrying out safety research on gas-cooled and sodium fast reactors....
Published date:
28 April 2020
A Task Group on the Robustness of Electrical Systems of NPPs in Light of the Fukushima Daiichi Accident (ROBELSYS) had been set up to improve the understanding of nuclear power plant electrical syste...
Published date:
22 April 2020
This task group was set up to carry out a pilot project using the methodology propsed in the final SMAP report published in 2007. In this pilot project, the SMAP methodology was applied to the Zion n...
Published date:
27 April 2020
The Task Group on Sump Clogging had been set up to update the State-of-the-art Report (SOAR) on Knowledge Base for Emergency Core Cooling System Recirculation Reliability issued in 1996, and with foc...
Published date:
28 April 2020
Thermochemical Database (TDB) Project Guidelines
Published date:
2 September 2020
Chemical Thermodynamics series
Published date:
16 October 2020
The Technical Review Group (TRG) for the International Assay Data of Spent Nuclear Fuel Database (SFCOMPO) lies under the direction of the Working Party on Nuclear Criticality Safety (WPNCS).
Published date:
13 April 2021
Under the Paris Agreement, OECD countries agreed to aim for a reduction of their greenhouse gas emissions sufficient to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre...
Published date:
15 June 2020
The results outlined in the report should lead to new and more comprehensive research on the full costs of electricity, which in turn would allow policy makers and the public to make better informed ...
Published date:
15 June 2020
The Joint Evaluated Fission and Fusion (JEFF) Nuclear Data Library is a collaboration between NEA Data Bank member countries. The JEFF library combines the efforts of its different Working Groups to ...
Published date:
28 May 2020
The Uranium group's primary area of work is producing the biennial publication of the Red Book.
Published date:
4 February 2021
As part of the NEA Global Forum on Nuclear Education, Science, Technology and Policy, the Rising Stars Programme leverages the weight of the Agency and the academic institutions to build new pipeline...
Published date:
7 February 2023
The Nuclear Energy Agency's High Priority Nuclear Data Request List (HPRL) is a compilation of the highest priority nuclear data requirements.
Published date:
4 December 2019
The NEA is examining the regulatory and operational impacts of the crisis, and working closely with its members to enable exchanges of policy approaches and best practices around the world.
Published date:
28 July 2020
The Working Group on Reactor Oversight (WGRO) works to provide a mechanism for nuclear safety regulators and Technical Support Organisations (TSOs) to share their knowledge and experience on both, th...
Published date:
30 November 2023
High-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactors are one of the next generation reactor designs. This benchmark consists of a multi-staged code-to-code-to-data thermal hydraulics code validation benchmar...
Published date:
19 July 2023
The Thermochemical Database (TDB) Project develops a reference database of chemical thermodynamic values for elements and compounds relevant to the safety of radioactive waste repositories and vital ...
Published date:
26 April 2024
The NEA will hold the Third Stakeholder Involvement workshop to advance the issue of optimisation in decision making on 5-7 September 2023, in close co-operation with all interested NEA Standing Tech...
Published date:
17 April 2023
The page contains tips for using search on the NEA website.
Published date:
6 November 2020
The NEA proposes a wide range of online and in-person courses and initiatives in nuclear-related fields.
Published date:
23 January 2024
The NPT aims to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology (non-proliferation), to promote co-operation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy (peaceful uses) and to further the g...
Published date:
27 October 2023
Aims to prohibit all nuclear weapon activities, including the development, testing, production, acquisition, possession, stockpiling, use, or threats to use nuclear weapons.
Published date:
24 January 2024
TVA Watts Bar Unit 1 Multi-Physics Benchmark
Published date:
19 July 2022
National legislation: United Kingdom
Published date:
19 September 2023
Nuclear legislation: United States
Published date:
19 September 2023
Rules for updating a program distributed by the NEA Data Bank
Published date:
16 April 2020
The "Red Book", is a biennial publication produced jointly by the NEA and the IAEA under the auspices of the joint NEA/IAEA Uranium Group. It is the only government-sponsored publication tracking wor...
Published date:
15 February 2021
Criticality is the state of a nuclear reactor when there is a self-sustaining chain reaction of fissionable material. Used or spent fuel criticality is associated with the scientific issues around as...
Published date:
24 March 2020
The Vienna Convention establishes a nuclear liability and compensation regime similar to that provided for under the Paris Convention. The Vienna Convention is open to any state.
Published date:
26 April 2024
The overall objective of the VVER-1000 Coolant Transient (V1000CT) Benchmark was to assess computer codes used in the safety analysis of water-water energetic reactor (VVER) power plants, specificall...
Published date:
2 August 2022
This workshop series will bring together experts from the nuclear energy, sustainability and financing sectors to discuss approaches for financing sustainable, large infrastructure projects with a fo...
Published date:
21 October 2020
In the framework of the WGAMA/WGFS activity "Status Report on Good Practices for Analyses of Design Extension Condition without Significant Fuel Degradation (DEC-A) for Operating Nuclear Power Plants...
Published date:
20 December 2023
JANIS software description
Published date:
11 December 2023
The Working Group on the Analysis and Management of Accidents (WGAMA) focuses on the NEA activities related to potential design-basis and beyond design-basis accidents in nuclear reactors and related...
Published date:
20 December 2023
The Working Group on Codes and Standards (WGCS) aimed to facilitate and promote international co-operation, convergence and reconciliation of codes, standards and regulatory requirements for pressure...
Published date:
19 February 2024
The Working Group on Digital Instrumentation and Control (WGDIC) promoted harmonisation and improvements in nuclear safety through the development of regulatory guidance to address digital instrument...
Published date:
16 February 2024
The main mission of the Working Group on the Safety of Electrical Systems (WGELEC) is to advance the current understanding and address safety issues related to electrical systems of nuclear installat...
Published date:
16 February 2021
The main mission of the Working Group on External Events (WGEV) is to improve the understanding and treatment of external hazards that would support the continued safety performance of nuclear instal...
Published date:
10 February 2022
The objective of the Working Group on Fuel Cycle Safety (WGFCS) is to advance the understanding of relevant aspects of nuclear fuel cycle safety, including: uranium mining and milling; uranium refini...
Published date:
4 October 2022
The main mission of the Working Group on Fuel Safety (WGFS) is to advance the current understanding and address cross-cutting issues related to fuel behaviour in accident conditions, including work o...
Published date:
5 April 2023
This working group's objective was to advance the current understanding and to address safety issues related to fuel safety margins, in particular to systematically assess the technical basis for cur...
Published date:
29 April 2020
The main mission of the Working Group on Human and Organisational Factors (WGHOF) is to improve the understanding and treatment of human and organisational factors within the nuclear industry in orde...
Published date:
21 March 2024
The purpose of the WGIP was to facilitate the exchange of information and experience related to regulatory safety inspections among NEA member countries.
Published date:
19 February 2024
The main mission of the Working Group on Integrity and Ageing of Components and Structures (WGIAGE) is to advance the current understanding of the relevant aspects related with ensuring the integrity...
Published date:
10 August 2022
The WGLSC is responsible for supporting and advising the Committee on Nuclear Regulatory Activities (CNRA) in carrying out its programme of work in areas related to leadership and safety culture.
Published date:
16 February 2024
The WGNT is responsible for supporting and advising the Committee on Nuclear Regulatory Activities (CNRA) in carrying out its programme in work areas related to new technologies.
Published date:
21 November 2023
The main objective of the NEA Working Group on Operating Experience (WGOE) was to improve nuclear safety by sharing operating experience and knowledge.
Published date:
19 February 2024
The Working Group on Policy and Licensing (WGPL) is responsible for supporting and advising the Committee on Nuclear Regulatory Activities (CNRA) in carrying out its programme of work in areas relate...
Published date:
16 February 2024
The Working Group in Public Communication of Nuclear Regulatory Organisations (WGPC) provided a forum for nuclear regulatory organisation communicators and outreach officers to exchange information, ...
Published date:
16 February 2024
The Working Group supports improved uses of Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) in risk-informed regulation and safety management through the analysis of results and the development of perspectives...
Published date:
13 March 2024
The CNRA believes in the importance of having a working group dedicated to safety culture. The Working Group on Safety Culture (WGSC) provided a senior level regulatory forum for exchanging informati...
Published date:
19 February 2024
The Working Group on Supply Chain (WGSUP) works to provide a mechanism for nuclear safety regulators and technical support organizations (TSOs) to share their knowledge and experience on regulatory a...
Published date:
1 December 2023
The Clay Club promotes the exchange of information, shared approaches and methods to develop and document an understanding of clay media as a host rock for a repository.
Published date:
16 November 2021
The Working Group on the Regulation of New Reactors (WGRNR) examined the regulatory issues of the siting, licensing and regulatory oversight for all new commercial nuclear power reactors. The WGRNR f...
Published date:
19 February 2024
The working group will be responsible for the programme of work in the CNRA regarding regulatory activities in the primary area of advanced reactors and associated installations. The term “advanced r...
Published date:
2 April 2020
The working groups are comprised of experts from primarily academic institutions and other relevant stakeholders from NEA member and non-member countries.
Published date:
25 May 2023
Ongoing Working Parties and Expert Groups
Published date:
30 June 2020
The Working Party on Boiling Water Reactors (WPBWR) covered all boiling water reactors, including advanced boiling water reactors (ABWRs) and the Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (ESBWR).
Published date:
19 February 2024
The WP-IDKM supports member countries to tackle problems in managing and preserving information, data and knowledge of radioactive waste and decommissioning over generations.
Published date:
15 January 2021
The NEA's nuclear data evaluation co-operation activities involve the following evaluation projects: ENDF (United States), JENDL (Japan), ROSFOND/BROND (Russia), JEFF (other Data Bank member countrie...
Published date:
28 August 2023
The WPMO addresses management and organisational issues for decommissioning of nuclear installations and legacy management projects.
Published date:
28 August 2023
Under the guidance of the Nuclear Science Committee (NSC), the Working Party on Materials Science Issues in Nuclear Fuels and Structural Materials (WPFM) addresses materials science aspects of nuclea...
Published date:
1 June 2023
The Working Party on Multi-scale Modelling of Fuels and Structural Material for Nuclear Systems (WPMM) was established to deal with the scientific and engineering aspects of fuels and structural mate...
Published date:
6 December 2023
The Working Party on Nuclear Criticality Safety (WPNCS) deals with technical and scientific issues relevant to criticality safety. Specific areas of interest include (but are not limited to) investig...
Published date:
28 March 2024
The mission of the CRPPH Working Party on Nuclear Emergency Matters (WPNEM) is to improve nuclear emergency management systems within member countries, and to share its knowledge and experience widel...
Published date:
17 November 2023
The WPNE's objective is to collect and compile information and conduct analyses and assessments on all economic aspects of nuclear energy.
Published date:
20 February 2020
The WPLDF was established to identify and address issues of application of the nuclear liability regimes to deep geological repositories (DGRs) and other radioactive waste disposal facilities.
Published date:
5 March 2024
The Nuclear Law Committee (NLC) established the Working Party on Nuclear Liability and Transport (WPNLT) in 2016 to address the practical challenges related to the nuclear liability regime(s) applica...
Published date:
5 March 2024
The Working Party on Scientific Issues and Uncertainty Analysis of Reactor Systems (WPRS) studies the reactor physics, fuel performance, and radiation transport and shielding in present and future nu...
Published date:
21 December 2023
The Working Party on Scientific Issues of Advanced Fuel Cycles (WPFC) studies advanced nuclear fuel cycles, including fuel cycle scenarios, innovative fuels and materials, separation chemistry, waste...
Published date:
8 February 2024
The WPTES aims to address technical, environmental and safety issues in the decommissioning of nuclear installations and legacy management.
Published date:
12 September 2023
The Nuclear Law Committee (NLC) established the Working Party on the Legal Aspects of Nuclear Safety (WPLANS) in 2016 to support the NEA’s efforts to strengthen its work in the nuclear safety area.
Published date:
5 March 2024
The mission of the Expert Group of Shielding aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities (SATIF) has been completed. Its work initiated the SATIF workshops which keep on serving as in...
Published date:
5 March 2024
The expert group is responsible for managing the activities related to the High Priority Request List (HPRL) for nuclear data, in particular for guaranteeing that the entries are up-to-date and well-...
Published date:
20 September 2022
The expert group was established to develop a nuclear data structure definition that can meet the needs of a broad set of nuclear data users and providers.
Published date:
20 September 2022
The Collaborative International Evaluated Library Organisation (CIELO) Pilot Project, working under the auspices of the WPEC Subgroup 40 (SG40), was established to generate complete evaluations for a...
Published date:
10 March 2020
Published date:
10 March 2020
WPEC Subgroup 47 (SG47) works in close coordination with other NEA activities such as WPRS Expert Group on Radiation Transport and Shielding (EGRTS), WPEC SG45, SG46, Collaborative International Eval...
Published date:
10 March 2020
Under the guidance of the Working Party on Scientific Issues of Advanced Fuel Cycles (WPFC), the Expert Group on Advanced Fuel Cycle Scenarios (EGAFCS) studies the needs associated with the transitio...
Published date:
25 January 2024
Under the guidance of the Working Party on Scientific Issues of Advanced Fuel Cycles (WPFC), the Expert Group on Fuel Recycling and Waste Technology (EGFRW) focuses on the separation processes releva...
Published date:
25 January 2024
The expert group monitored the feedback from version 0 of the Lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) handbook, collected, analysed and checked the consistency of expected new results from ongoing heavy liquid m...
Published date:
28 February 2020
Under the guidance of the Working Party on Scientific Issues of Advanced Fuel Cycles (WPFC), the Expert Group on Innovative Fuel Elements (EGIFE) conducts joint and comparative studies to identify te...
Published date:
8 February 2024
The expert group conducts joint and comparative studies to support the development, selection and characterisation of innovative structural materials that can be implemented in advanced nuclear fuel ...
Published date:
28 February 2020
Under the guidance of the Working Party on Scientific Issues of Advanced Fuel Cycles (WPFC), the Expert Group on Reactor Coolants and Components Technology (EGCoCoT) undertakes activities to collect,...
Published date:
25 January 2024
The task force developed best practice guidelines by performing a benchmark study on thermo-hydraulic modelling of heavy liquid metal coolant, e.g. lead and lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) alloy.
Published date:
28 February 2020
Under the guidance of the Nuclear Science Committee (NSC) and under the mandate of the Working Party on Multi-scale Modelling of Materials (WPMM), the scope of the Expert Group on Multi-scale Modelli...
Published date:
4 March 2020
Under the guidance of the Nuclear Science Committee (NSC) and under the mandate of the Working Party on Multi-scale Modelling of Fuels and Structural Materials for Nuclear Systems (WPMM), the objecti...
Published date:
5 March 2020
The main objectives of this expert group are to assess the limitations of the NRT-dpa standard, in the light of both atomistic simulations and known experimental discrepancies; and to revisit the NRT...
Published date:
5 March 2020
The objective of the Expert Group on Structural Materials Modelling (EGSMM) is to provide a critical review of the state-of-the-art concerning the use of a MMA to describe the changes induced by irra...
Published date:
5 March 2020
The objectives of the expert group are to assess the accuracy and calculation time of the various first principle tools applied in the assessment of the properties of the nuclear materials; assess th...
Published date:
5 March 2020