Regulatory tasks in the field of radioactive waste management are carried out not only by technical regulatory authorities, but also involve, especially at the policy level, other bodies such as Parliament, Government, and regional authorities. Regulatory authorities provide advice for the elaboration of national policy and objectives; they develop rules and regulations and the associated practical guidance; during the phases of pre-licensing and licensing, regulators define and develop operational criteria for such concepts as Best Available Techniques, and optimisation for geological repositories; finally, they supervise and control implementation. An important issue in regulating disposal of long-lived radioactive waste, however, is that the effects of disposal are only apparent in the far future, which makes it impractical for today’s regulators to evaluate performance for the purpose of continuous improvement of the regulatory cycle. Decisions have to be taken, therefore, on the basis of the best knowledge available at the point of commitment to closure and/or abandonment of retrievability, and with clear, societal understanding and agreement about the objectives and their ethical implications.