Ionization Chamber Smoke Detectors (ICSDs) containing radioactive sources appear at present to be an important application of ionizing radiation. In the past their use has been directed mainly towards the protection of property but because of their ability to detect smoke during the early stages of a fire there has been considerable interest in recent years in using them to protect life. As a result ICSDs specifically designed for use in private homes are now available. Within the general framework of radiation protection rules, this document is intended to promote the setting up of harmonized national policies concerning the approval, distribution, use and disposal of such detectors to ensure adequate protection of the public against any radiation or contamination hazards which might result therefrom.