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Publications

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Practices and Experience in Stakeholder Involvement for Post-nuclear Emergency Management

English, 25 pages, published: 10/04/11
NEA#6994, ISBN: 978-92-64-99166-8
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2011/6994-practices-stakeholder-involvement-post-emergency.pdf

Other language(s):
- Japanese: 原子力緊急事態の事後管理における ステークホルダー関与の実践と経験 

One of the most important aspects of post-accident consequence management is the involvement of stakeholders: in the planning, preparation and execution as well as in sustaining efforts over the long term. Having recognised the significance of stakeholder participation in several International Nuclear Emergency Exercises (INEX), the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) decided to organise the Practices and Experience in Stakeholder Involvement for Post-nuclear Emergency Management Workshop to explore these issues. This summary highlights the key issues discussed during the workshop, which brought together 75 emergency management and communication specialists from 16 countries. In light of the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, the experience shared during this workshop will be central to further improving national emergency management arrangements.

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Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection

Implementing the 2007 ICRP Recommendations - Fifth Asian Regional Conference, Chiba, Japan, 3-4 September 2009
English, 28 pages, published: 09/24/10
NEA#6828, ISBN: 978-92-64-99147-7
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2010/6828-evolution-system-radiological.pdf

Other language(s):
- Japanese: Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection (Japanese version) 放射線防護体系の発展 

Since 2002, the NEA has been actively facilitating the detailed discussion of the evolving system of radiological protection in an Asian context. Its work in this area has included four previous conferences to discuss various International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) draft general recommendations. The Fifth Asian Regional Conference on the Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection was the first in this series to be focused directly on the implementation of the new ICRP recommendations. This conference report provides very useful, practical insight into the Asian approach to implementing this new radiological protection philosophy.

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Occupational Radiological Protection Principles and Criteria for Designing New Nuclear Power Plants

English, 112 pages, published: 10/05/10
NEA#6975, ISBN: 978-92-64-99142-2
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2010/6975-criteria-new-plants.pdf

Other language(s):
- Chinese: 新核电站设计的职业辐射防护原则和准则 

Global demand for electricity continues to grow and numerous new nuclear power plants (NPPs) are being planned or constructed in NEA member countries. Most of these new NPPs will be of the third generation, and will be designed for as long as 80 years of operation. The successful design, construction and operation of these plants will depend broadly on appropriately implementing the lessons from experience accumulated to date.

This case study introduces a policy and technical framework that may be used when formulating technical assistance and guidance for senior managers of NPPs, designers, manufacturers, contractors and authorities responsible for regulating occupational radiation exposure. It is aimed in particular at assisting design and license assessments of new NPPs. Although not targeting the needs of countries introducing nuclear power for the first time, this case study can also provide valuable input on occupational radiological protection issues for the implementation of new nuclear energy programmes.

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Summary Report of the CRPPH 50th Anniversary Conference

Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH), 31 May 2007
English, 48 pages, published: 04/01/09
NEA#6451, ISBN: 978-92-64-99078-4
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2009/6451-crpph-50th-conference.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Rapport de synthèse sur la conférence du 50e anniversaire du CRPPH 

The NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) celebrated its 50th anniversary in May 2007. Taking advantage of its half century of experience, the Committee took this occasion to look forward towards the next 50 years in order to identify the most significant emerging challenges to radiological protection policy, regulation and application. This report summarises the presentations and discussions of the high-level regulators and international radiological protection organisations’ leaders who attended, providing their views on how the radiological protection community can best move forward together to address emerging challenges.

 

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The NEA Contribution to the Evolution of the International System of Radiological Protection

English, 122 pages, published: 03/31/09
NEA#6440, ISBN: 978-92-64-99080-7
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2009/6440-evolution-int-system-rp.pdf

Other language(s):
- Japanese: Japanese version of The NEA Contribution to the Evolution of the International System of Radiological Protection 
- Français: La contribution de l'AEN à l'évolution du système international de protection radiologique 

Since the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) initiated a dialogue in 1999 on the evolution of the system of radiological protection, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has actively engaged in providing the ICRP with input and views. The Committee’s work on this subject has included eight expert group reports, seven international conferences, and four detailed review and comment assessments of draft ICRP recommendations. This report presents a chronological summary of the issues, views and concerns raised by the CRPPH as the ICRP issued various draft versions of its new recommendations (ICRP Publication 103, published in December 2007), and of the response by the ICRP as seen in its subsequent draft recommendations. The interest of this summary report is that it will not only assist readers in understanding the main themes and concepts of the new ICRP recommendations, but also why and how the changes from the previous ICRP Publication 60 recommendations came about.

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Work Management to Optimise Occupational Radiological Protection at Nuclear Power Plants

English, 128 pages, published: 07/13/09
NEA#6399, ISBN: 978-92-64-99089-0
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2009/6399-work-management.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: L'organisation du travail pour optimiser la radioprotection professionnelle dans les centrales nucléaires 
- Chinese: 核动力厂职业照射辐射防护最优化工作管理 

Since 1992, the Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) has provided a forum for radiological protection professionals from nuclear power utilities and national regulatory authorities worldwide to discuss, promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings for the radiological protection of workers at nuclear power plants. The ISOE objective is to improve occupational exposure management at nuclear power plants by exchanging relevant information, data and experience on methods to optimise occupational radiological protection.

This report on work management provides practical guidance on the application of work management principles as a contribution to the optimisation of occupational radiological protection. It recognises that while work management is no longer a new concept, continued efforts are needed to ensure that good performance, outcomes and trends are maintained in the face of current and future challenges. The focus of this report is therefore on presenting the key aspects of work management that should be considered by management and workers to save time, doses and money, supported by updated practical examples from within the ISOE community.

ISOE is jointly sponsored by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

ISOE Network: www.isoe-network.net

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A Stakeholder Dialogue on the Implications of the ICRP Recommendations

Summary of the Three NEA/ICRP Conferences
English, 44 pages, published: 03/13/08
NEA#6169, ISBN: 978-92-64-99033-3
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2008/6169-icrp.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Dialogue avec les parties prenantes sur les répercussions des recommandations de la CIPR 

Since its inception the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has been involved in the assessment and implementation of the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The development of new general ICRP recommendations, to replace those of the 1990 ICRP Publication 60, was thus of great interest to the NEA and its member countries. As a result, the NEA initiated a process of interaction and dialogue with the ICRP to ensure that the views and concerns of NEA member countries could be voiced and appropriately addressed in the new ICRP recommendations. The new ICRP recommendations were approved by the ICRP Main Commission in March 2007, by which point the NEA had sponsored 7 international conferences and produced 13 publications on the subject.

This report is the summary of the three international dialogue conferences (held in Tokyo, 5-6 July 2006, Washington, DC, 28-29 August 2006, and Prague, 24-25 October 2006) that were organised to provide the ICRP with feedback regarding the June 2006 draft of its new recommendations. It includes a presentation of the key points of the draft recommendations, a summary of the suggestions made during the three conferences, and an assessment of the significant evolution that has been seen in the ICRP’s presentation of its draft recommendations over the course of the conference series.
French blurb

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Environmental Radiological Protection in the Law

A Baseline Survey
English, 64 pages, published: 02/26/07
NEA#6172, ISBN: 978-92-64-99000-5
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6172-law.pdf

Other language(s):
- Japanese: Environmental Radiological Protection in the Law - 法令にみる環境放射線防護 
- Français: Le droit de la protection radiologique de l'environnement 

This publication describes a study of international, European and national legislation which protect the environment from radiation. Countries covered include Australia, Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. The analysis of the legislation draws conclusions about how well the environment is protected from radiation, and identifies strengths and weaknesses of current approaches as well as trends in regulation. The book will be useful reading for regulators and policy makers in radiological protection, but also for those interested in environmental regulation more generally.

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Experience from the Third International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX 3) on Consequence Management

English, 48 pages, published: 12/31/07
NEA#6163, ISBN: 978-92-64-99040-1
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6163-inex3.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Enseignements tirés du troisième Exercice international d'urgence nucléaire (INEX 3) sur la gestion des conséquences 

Since the beginning of the 1990s, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has offered its member countries a forum for improving efficiency and effectiveness in nuclear emergency management, focusing in particular on the international aspects of emergency preparedness and response. A central approach to this has been the preparation and conduct of the International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX) series.

The INEX 3 consequence management exercise series was developed by the NEA Working Party on Nuclear Emergency Matters in response to its members’ desire to better prepare for the longer-term response following a nuclear or radiological emergency. INEX 3 was designed and conducted to allow participants to investigate the national and international arrangements for responding to widespread radiological contamination of the environment and the consequence management issues likely to be raised in the medium to long term following such an event. The main areas addressed included agriculture and food countermeasures, decisions on countermeasures such as travel, trade or tourism, recovery management and public information. The exercise series, conducted in 2005-2006, was followed by an evaluation workshop aimed at allowing participants to share their national experiences with INEX 3, compare approaches, analyse the implications on decision making and identify key needs in longer-term consequence management.

This report summarises the development of the INEX 3 exercise, the major evaluation outcomes of the national exercises, and the key policy-level outcomes, recommendations and follow-up activities arising from the exercise and workshop.

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Fifty Years of Radiological Protection

The CRPPH 50th Anniversary Commemorative Review
English, 112 pages, published: 05/29/07
NEA#6280, ISBN: 978-92-64-99017-3
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6280-commemorative.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Cinquante ans de radioprotection 

On 21 March 1957, the Steering Committee for Nuclear Energy of the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation established the Working Party on Public Health and Safety. From this early date onwards, radiological protection formed a central part of the work of what was to become the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency.

Now, 50 years later, the Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has commissioned this historical review of half a century of work and accomplishments. Over this period, the key topics in radiological protection have been identified, debated and addressed by the CRPPH. This report brings this history to life, presenting the major questions in the context of their time, and of the personalities who worked to address them. The developments and views of the past condition how we are able to assess and manage radiological risks today, as well as how we may adjust to challenges that will or could emerge in the coming years. This heritage is thus an important element for the CRPPH to consider as it looks forward to its next 50 years of accomplishments.

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Radiation Protection in Today's World: Towards Sustainability

English, 74 pages, published: 05/29/07
NEA#6165, ISBN: 978-92-64-99013-5
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6165-rp.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: La radioprotection aujourd'hui et la voie du développement durable 

The science and application of radiological protection have continually evolved since the beginning of the 20th century when the health effects of radiation first began to be discovered. Given these changes, notably over the past 10 to 15 years, and considering the recent evolution of social values and judgements, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) felt that it would be worthwhile to identify possible emerging challenges as well as ongoing challenges that will require new approaches to reach sustainable decisions.

This report concisely describes the CRPPH views of the most significant challenges to radiological protection policy, regulation and application that are likely to emerge or are already emerging. While not proposing solutions to these issues, the report characterises key aspects and pressures, taking into account the evolution of science, society and experience, such that governments can better foresee these challenges and be prepared to address them appropriately.

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Scientific Issues and Emerging Challenges for Radiological Protection

Report of the Expert Group on the Implications of Radiological Protection Science
English, 120 pages, published: 11/21/07
NEA#6167, ISBN: 978-92-64-99032-6
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6167-egis.pdf

Other language(s):
- Japanese: Scientific Issues and Emerging Challenges for Radiological Protection - 放射線防護における科学的問題と新たな課題 
- Français: EGIS - Scientific Issues and Emerging Challenges for Radiological Protection (French version) 

Scientific knowledge is constantly evolving as more advanced technologies become available and more in-depth research is carried out. Given the potential implications that new findings could have on policy decisions, in 1998 the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) performed a survey of state-of-the-art research in radiological protection science. This study suggested that, while the current system of radiological protection was well-underpinned by scientific understanding, growing knowledge in several areas could seriously impact policy and regulation. Ten years later, the CRPPH has again performed a survey of state-of-the-art research which reiterates and clarifies its earlier conclusions.

This report summarises the results of this latest CRPPH assessment of radiological protection science. Specifically, it explains that knowledge of non-targeted and delayed effects, as well as of individual sensitivity, have been significantly refined over the past ten years. Although at this point there is still no scientific certainty in these areas, based on the most recent studies and results, the report strongly suggests that policy makers and regulatory authorities should consider possible impacts that could arise from research in the next few years. Further, the report identifies research areas that should be supported to more definitively answer scientific questions having the most direct impacts on policy choices.

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Strategy for Developing and Conducting Nuclear Emergency Exercises

English, 40 pages, published: 12/31/07
NEA#6162, ISBN: 978-92-64-99038-8
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6162-emergency.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Une stratégie pour la conception et la réalisation des exercices d'urgence nucléaire 

Emergency situations demand that actions be taken by the responsible organisations at the local, national and international levels to mitigate their impact on people and the environment. In order to be able to deliver an effective emergency response in both the short and long term, it is necessary to make and maintain adequate plans and arrangements. Prudence dictates that these be prepared in advance of an emergency situation, contain appropriate elements for preparedness, response and assistance, and take adequate account of international interfaces. The successful management of an emergency, along with the effectiveness of the response arrangements, will be facilitated through the use of well-planned tests and exercises.

Drawing on the collective experience of the OECD/NEA Working Party on Nuclear Emergency Matters and its International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX) series, this report aims to assist national and international emergency authorities in developing their own exercise-specific strategy by providing insights on exercise justification, design, conduct and evaluation. The focus is on providing an understanding, basis and strategy for the decision to exercise rather than detailed guidance on how to exercise.

Exercising is one tool for enhancing performance, testing plans and identifying areas for improvement; however, it is an important and resource-intensive tool. Therefore, the objective of this report is to provide a summary of strategic considerations for improving the value of planning, conducting and evaluating exercises and following up on lessons identified. This strategy may also find applicability in developing approaches for other types of non-nuclear emergency exercises.
French blurb

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The Process of Regulatory Authorisation (English-Japanese version) 規制認可のプロセス

Bilingual, 148 pages, published: 08/29/07
NEA#6279, ISBN: 978-92-64-99028-9
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6279-authorisation-jp.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Le processus d'autorisation réglementaire 
- English: The Process of Regulatory Authorisation

In parallel to the work carried out by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) to review the broad principles of protection, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has examined how radiological protection could be better implemented by governments and/or regulatory authorities. To this end, the CRPPH has developed a concept that it calls “the process of regulatory authorisation”. It is described in detail in this report, and is intended to help regulatory authorities apply more transparently, coherently and simply the broad recommendations of the ICRP to the real-life business of radiological protection regulation and application. The CRPPH recognises the importance of an appropriate level of stakeholder involvement in the process of regulatory authorisation.

規制認可のプロセス
広範な防護原則をレビューするために国際放射線防護委員会（ICRP）などで行
われている作業に並行して、NEAの放射線防護・公衆衛生委員会（CRPPH）
は、放射線防護が政府そして/又は規制機関によって、どのようにより良く実
行され得るのか調査を行った。この結果、CRPPHは「規制認可のプロセス」
という概念を開発した。それは、この報告書で詳細に記述されており、規制機
関が、放射線防護規制や対策の実態に合わせて、広範なICRP勧告をより透明
性を持って、理解しやすく、簡潔に適用することの扶助になると思われる。
CRPPHは、規制認可のプロセスにおいて、適切なレベルのステークホルダーイ
ンボルブメントが重要であることを認識している。

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Stakeholders and Radiological Protection: Lessons from Chernobyl 20 Years After

English, 80 pages, published: 05/17/06
NEA#6170, ISBN: 92-64-01085-8
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2006/6170-chernobyl-rp.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Société civile et radioprotection : les enseignements de Tchernobyl, 20 ans après 

Twenty years after the major accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, the radioactive contamination continues to have an important impact on lives in the vicinity, and to a lesser extent in areas such as Western Europe and beyond. The purpose of this report is not to address clinical or environmental studies, but to look at how people are coping with the difficulties they still face. Commissioned by the Committee for Radiation Protection and Public Health of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), the report focuses on the role of radiological protection and how this discipline has been deployed to help people manage their lives.

Although the topic of this report concerns radioactivity and nuclear power, it can also be very useful to policy makers and experts dealing with the aftermath of wide-scale disasters, regardless of their causes (natural, accidental or malicious).

Whilst we all hope never to see another event causing contamination on the scale that followed Chernobyl, it is prudent to be prepared. Hence this report also describes many of the problems that could need to be faced in the longer term by technical specialists, should such a contamination event occur, and presents ways of dealing with them. This report will provide readers with insights into how to plan better for this type of event, in particular beyond the immediate response phase.

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The Process of Regulatory Authorisation

A Report by the CRPPH Expert Group on the Regulatory Application of Authorisation (EGRA)
English, 84 pages, published: 02/14/06
NEA#5372, ISBN: 92-64-01078-5
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2006/5372-authorisation.pdf

Other language(s):
- Bilingual: The Process of Regulatory Authorisation (English-Japanese version) 規制認可のプロセス
- Français: Le processus d'autorisation réglementaire 

Governments and regulatory authorities are responsible for the definition of regulatory controls or conditions, if any, that should be applied to radioactive sources or radiation exposure situations in order to protect the public, workers and the environment. Although countries use different policy and structural approaches fo fulfil this responsibility, the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) are generally used as at least part of the basis for protection. Previously, the ICRP recommended the use of variable approaches to protection. New ICRP recommendations are proposing a single, conceptually simple and self-coherent approach to defining appropriate protection under all circumstances.

While the ICRP has been reviewing the broad principles of protection, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has been focusing its efforts on how radiological protection could be better implemented by governments and/or regulatory authorities. To this end, the CRPPH has developed a concept that it calls "the process of regulatory authorisation". It is described in detail in this report, and is intended to help regulatory authorities apply more transparently, coherently and simply the broad recommendations of the ICRP to the real-life business of radiological protection regulation and application. In developing this concept, the CRPPH recognises the importance of an appropriate level of stakeholder involvement in the process.

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The Future Policy for Radiological Protection

A Stakeholder Dialogue on the Implications of the ICRP Proposals - Summary Report, Lanzarote, Spain, 2-4 April 2003
English, 48 pages, published: 03/01/04
NEA#4421, ISBN: 92-64-02165-5
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2004/4421-future-policy.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Politique future en matière de protection radiologique 

At the end of the 1990s, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) launched a process for establishing new recommendations, which are expected to serve as guidelines for national systems of radiological protection. Currently the ICRP's proposed recommendations are being subjected to extensive stakeholder comment and modifications.

The NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has been actively involved in this process. Part of the Committee's work has been to undertake collaborative efforts with the ICRP through, for example, the organisation of broad stakeholder fora. The first of these, held in Taormina, Italy in 2002, focused on the development of a policy basis for the radiological protection of the environment.

The second forum, held in Lanzarote, Spain in April 2003, addressed the latest concepts and approaches in the ICRP proposed recommendations for a system of radiological protection. During this meeting, the ICRP listened to the views of various stakeholder groups, including radiological protection regulators, environmental protection ministries, the nuclear power industry and NGOs. As a result, the ICRP modified its proposals to better reflect stakeholder needs and wishes. This report presents the outcomes of the disucssions, examining what the ICRP proposed and how its proposals have been affected and modified as a result of stakeholder input.

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Effluent Release Options from Nuclear Installations

Technical Background and Regulatory Aspects
English, 104 pages, published: 10/29/03
NEA#3690, ISBN: 92-64-02146-9
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/3690-effluent.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Options de rejet des effluents des installations nucléaires 

Radioactive effluent releases from nuclear installations have generally been substantially reduced in recent years, well below regulatory requirements. At the same time, international and intergovernmental agreements and declarations, as well as national policies, continue to seek to optimise and further reduce such releases. Nevertheless, due to societal concerns about levels of radioactivity in the environment, the management of effluent releases from nuclear installations remains high on the agenda of public discussion.

This report provides basic technical information on different options for managing and regulating radioactive effluent releases from nuclear installations during normal operation. It should contribute to national and international discussions in this area and be of particular interest to both nuclear regulatory authorities and nuclear power plant operators.

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Radiological Protection of the Environment

Summary Report of the Issues
English, 36 pages, published: 01/30/03
NEA#3691, ISBN: 92-64-18497-X
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/3691-environment.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Protection radiologique de l'environnement 

The system of radiological protection is currently being revised in order to make it simpler, clearer and more responsive to stakeholder needs. During this evolution process, particular attention is being given to the development of an explicit system for the radiological protection of the environment. It was in this context that the NEA organised, in close collaboration with the International Commission on Radiological Protection, a forum on radiological protection of the environment.

This report summarises the key issues discussed at the forum. They include sustainable development, indentification of what to protect, the definition of detriment, the necessary level of regulation, an integrated approach to protection, the use of similar approaches for humans and the environment, practical foundations for a system of environmental protection, and consequences in terms of training.

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Short-term Countermeasures in Case of a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency

English, 112 pages, published: 09/15/03
NEA#3600, ISBN: 92-64-02140-X
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/3600-short-term.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Contre-mesures à court-terme en cas d'urgence nucléaire ou radiologique 

Nuclear emergency planning, preparedness and management are essential elements of any country's nuclear power programme. The timely and appropriate implementation of short-term countermeasures can, in case of a nuclear emergency with a release of radioactive material, considerably reduce the doses the public could receive in the vicinity of the nuclear installation.

This report summarises information on national emergency preparedness and planning in NEA member countries for the implementation of short-term countermeasures such as evacuation, sheltering and iodine prophylaxis. The information presented may be used to better understand and to compare existing national approaches, procedures, practices and decisions, which may vary among countries due to different national habits, cultural specificity and society needs. This report may also assist member countries interested in achieving international harmonisation of short-term countermeasures;

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Chernobyl: Assessment of Radiological and Health Impacts

2002 Update of Chernobyl: Ten Years On
English, 160 pages, published: 12/31/02
NEA#3508, ISBN: 92-64-18487-2
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/3508-chernobyl.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Tchernobyl : Evaluation des incidences radiologiques et sanitaires 

The international radiological protection community performed a major status review of the situation around the damaged Chernobyl reactor on the 10-year anniversary of the accident. Since then, studies of the accident site and the contaminated territories continue to be undertaken, which have yielded new scientific results and highlighted important social and health aspects. This report is a complete update of the NEA's earlier publication, Chernobyl: Ten Years On. In particular, it offers the reader the most recent informatin on the significant new experience gained in the areas of emergency management, long-term environmental behaviour of radioactive materials and health effects.

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The Way Forward in Radiological Protection

An Expert Group Report
English, 48 pages, published: 09/12/02
NEA#3685, ISBN: 92-64-18489-9
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2002/3685-way-forward.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Vers un nouveau système de protection radiologique 

Virtually all national and international radiation protection regulations and standards are based on the recommendations published by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). New recommendations, to replace those issued in 1990, are in the process of being developed for issuance in 2005, and it is in the interest of all NEA Member countries to ensure that these recommendations meet the needs of national regulatory organisations and practitioners. Since revisions began at the ICRP in 1999, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has been leading discussions regarding what, in the old recommendations, could be improved or changed to make any new recommendations more functional. Based on a preliminary two-year study to identify those areas that should be improved, this report suggests specific improvements that would render the new system easier to understand and apply, and that should be considered for inclusion in the new ICRP recommendations.

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Experience from International Nuclear Emergency Exercises

The INEX 2 Series
English, 42 pages, published: 04/27/01
NEA#3138, ISBN: 92-64-18464-3
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2001/3138-inex2.pdf

Other language(s):
- Francais: Enseignements des exercices internationaux d'urgence nucleaire 

In case of a nuclear emergency, countries need to be well prepared to manage a crisis situation. In order to help countries improve their emergency planning, preparedness and management, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) organised a series of international nuclear emergency exercises called INEX 2.

This report summarises the lessons learned from all four exercises in the series, which took place in Switzerland (1996), Finland (1997), Hungary (1998) and Canada (1999), in the areas of:

- decision making based on limited information and on uncertain plant conditions;
- real-time exchange of information;
- public and media communications; and
- preparation and conduct of emergency exercises on an international level.

The report will be of interest to both policy makers and technical managers in the nuclear emergency field.

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Policy Issues in Radiological Protection Decision Making

Summary Report of the 2nd Villigen (Switzerland) Workshop, January 2001
English, 28 pages, published: 11/20/01
NEA#3308, ISBN: 92-64-18474-0
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2001/3308-policy.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: La prise de décision en radioprotection : domaines d'action des pouvoirs publics 

The society aspects of risk governance are increasingly becoming a part of public decision-making processes. This tendency is particularly evident in matters dealing with the protection of human health and the environment. The NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) organised a workshop to probe stakeholder involvement processes and their limitations in the field of radiation protection. An example of an area in which stakeholder involvement is particularly important is the clean-up of sites contaminated by accidents or by past industrial or research activities.

Based on discussions during the workshop and previous CRPPH work in this area, this summary addresses the policy development and implementation issues that are key to identifying broadly accepted solutions for radiological protection situations in which stakeholders are an important part of the decision-making process. Applicable in a wide variety of national contexts, enhanced understanding of these policy issues will assist governments and regulatory authorities in better integrating stakeholder concerns in decision making.

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A Critical Review of the System of Radiation Protection

First Reflections of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency's Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH)
English, 30 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2628, ISBN: 92-64-18554-2
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2000/2628-critical.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Analyse critique du système de protection radiologique 

Our modern, information society is increasingly interested in transparency and participation in many aspects of government, and this is particularly true in areas involving public health and environmental protection. Radiaion protection is no exception to this trend.

Scientific rationale that was once sufficient to explain radiation protection theory and practice is no longer adequate. The need to address and communicate theory, practice and the decision-making process to a wider audience has given rise to numerous debates and led the radiation protection community to revisit the framework of the system of radiation protection. The very fundamentals of the system of radiation protection continue to be questioned in a healthy fashion, and many aspects have been identified which could better serve stakeholders given some additional thoughts in the light of modern societal needs.

This report is the summary of the NEA's first reflections in this area, and describes those aspects of the current international system of radiation protection that could be improved. Suggested directions for improvements are provided.

It is hoped that this materail will help guide the international community towards consensus and provide valuable input to the development of new recommendations by the International Commission on Radiological Protection.

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Monitoring and Data Management Strategies for Nuclear Emergencies

English, 96 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2108, ISBN: 92-64-17168-1
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2000/2108-monitoring-management-strategies.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Stratégies de surveillance et de gestion de données dans les urgences nucléaires 

Since the accident of Chernobyl in 1986, many countries have intensified their efforts in nuclear emergency planning, preparedness and management. Experience from the NEA nuclear emergency exercises (INEX 1 and INEX 2) indicated a need to improve the international system of communication and information in case of a radiological emergency. To address this need, research was carried out by three NEA working groups, the findings of which are synthesised in the present report.

This report defines emergency monitoring and modelling needs, and proposes strategies which will assist decision makers by improving the selection of data that is transmitted, and the way in which data and information are transmitted and received. Modern communications methods, such as the Internet, are a key part of the strategies described.

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Developments in Radiation Health Sciences and Their Impact on Radiation Protection

English, 35 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#282
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/reports/1998/devrad.html

Other language(s):
- Français: Evolution de radiobiologie et de radiopathologie : répercussions sur la radioprotection 

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Work Management in the Nuclear Power Industry

A Manual prepared for the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health by the ISOE Expert Group on the Impact of Work Management on Occupational Exposure
English, 173 pages, published: 01/01/97
NEA#99, ISBN: 92-64-15459-0
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/1997/99-work-management-nuclear-industry.pdf

Other language(s):
- Chinese: 核电站工作管理——NEA辐射防护和公众健康委员会手册《工作管理对职业照射之影响》专家工作组编 

As we near the beginning of the 21st century, the industrialised world continues to change. Economic pressures in all facets of modern industry have made productivity and cost competitiveness increasingly essential to the very survival of companies. Many of them have therefore adopted a very global approach to their work, stressing the importance of considering jobs from a multidisciplinary team perspective, and of following them through all stages of conception, design, planning, preparation, implementation and follow-up. This focus assures successful job completion - on schedule, within budget, with a sufficient level of quality, with minimum cost, and with a maximum change of fulfilling the originally desired goal. This multidisciplinary, start-to-finish approach to jobs can be broadly termed Work Management.

This publication presents the concept of Work Management in very concrete terms: it presents details of how to implement Work Management in such areas as regulation, work management policy, worker involvement, work selection, planning and scheduling, work preparation, work implementation, and work assessment and feedback. Numerous case studies are presented of actual experience from the commercial nuclear power industry. This is a useful tool to help plant managers, maintenance engineers, outage planners, and radiation protection personnel to improve their implementation of work management, which can lead to reduced numbers of workers needed to perform a job, of person-hours spent in the radiologically controlled zone, and thus the overall cost of doing work. Moreover, this also leads to reduced occupational exposures in an ALARA fashion.

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INEX 1 - An International Nuclear Emergency Exercise

English, published: 01/01/95
NEA#101, ISBN: 92-64-14560-5
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/1995/inex-1.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: INEX 1 - Exercice international d'urgence en cas d'accident nucléaire 

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Radiation Protection Today and Tomorrow

A Collective Opinion by the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health
English, published: 01/01/94
NEA#113
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/reports/1994/rp.html

Other language(s):
- Français: Radioprotection aujourd'hui et demain (La) 

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Exposure to Radiation from the Natural Radioactivity in Building Materials

Report by an NEA Group of Experts, May, 1979
English, 34 pages, published: 01/05/79
NEA#6711
Available online at: http://oecd-nea.org/rp/reports/1979/exposure-to-radiation-1979.pdf

Other language(s):
- Bilingual: Surveillance du Radon Monitoring